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Get the CSS Solved Idioms of English (Précis and Composition) 2013

Adjoin:
Meaning:
be next to and joined with

Use in sentence:
The kitchen adjoins the dining room.

Adjourn:
Meaning:
break off (a meeting, legal case, or game) with the intention of resuming it later

Use in sentence:
The meeting was adjourned until December 4th.
Allay:
Meaning:
diminish or put at rest (fear, suspicion, or worry)

Use in sentence:
The report attempted to educate the public and allay fears.

Ally:
Meaning:
a person or organization that cooperates with or helps another in a particular activity

Use in sentence:
He was forced to dismiss his closest political ally.

Bases:
Meaning:
plural form of basis

Use in sentence:
Basis:
Meaning:
the underlying support or foundation for an idea, argument, or process; status

Use in sentence:
Trust is the only basis for a good working relationship. She needed coaching on a regular basis.

Click:
Meaning:
a short, sharp sound as of a switch being operated or of two hard objects coming quickly into contact

Use in sentence:
She heard the click of the door.

Clique:
Meaning:
a small group of people, with shared interests, who spend time together and do not readily allow others to join them; Circle

Use in sentence:
Almost no one from her clique showed up at the reunion.

Distract:
Meaning:
prevent (someone) from giving full attention to something

Use in sentence:
Don't allow noise to distract you from your work.

Detract:
Meaning:
reduce or take away the value of

Use in sentence:
These quibbles in no way detract from her achievement.

Liable:
Meaning:
responsible by law

Use in sentence:
The supplier of goods can become liable for breach of contract in a variety of ways.

Libel:
Meaning:
a published false statement that is damaging to a person's reputation

Use in sentence:
She sued two newspapers for libel.

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The Suffering Soul in the Scientific Age


“Our scientific power has overturned our spiritual power. We have guided missiles and misguided men.” — Martin Luther King, Jr


There can be no two opinions about the veracity of the statement that the Modern Age is the age of science. Science undoubtedly has revolutionized the world. Everyday there are new inventions, may that be in medicine, electronics, space sciences, nuclear technology and so on. Everything that modern man is using in this contemporary age has been given to him by the scientific advancement. He cannot live without science even for a single day. Science has given eyes to the blind, ears to the deaf and limbs to the crippled. It has made man fly in the sky like birds, swim in the water like fish. It has achieved wonders and thus has brought about irreversible changes in the world. Science, however, is perceived both as a blessing as well as a curse. Apart from bringing uncountable blessings in the lives of human beings, it also has turned out to be course and has resulted into human sufferings which have now assumed horrible proportions and are beyond human control.

It is said that modern civilization is a scientific civilization. It is true as far as the material aspects of civilization are concerned, man lives in great comfort today. He enjoys cinema, radio and television. He can talk with his friends thousands of miles away from by telephone. Science has increased human comfort and lessened human drudgery. He has no longer to travel on foot. He can travel comfortably without any fatigue in cars, air-conditioned trains, buses, etc. he has no longer to bear the hardships of weather. In summer, he can cool his house by electric cooler and in winter, get heat by electric heaters. Day and night make no difference to him, for night can turn into day by electric lights.
He does not work hard like his forefathers. He does not follow barbarous practice of having slaves. Science has given him slaves of a new kind, which do all work for him. Machines are the slaves of modern scientific civilization. These slaves do all the work for him while he himself lives like a lord. They cook his food for him and even serves it to him. They manufacture everything that he uses from morning till night. They plough fields for him, sow seeds and reap crops for him.
Human pain and suffering have been lessened by science. Modern civilized man has not to suffer like his forefathers. Many diseases have been eliminated or have become curable, and surgeries can be performed without inflicting pain to the patients. Many wonderful drugs have been discovered and man's life on this earth has become longer and happier. Man lives in comfort like the lord and master of nature. He has conquered even outer space, mastered weather and all other living creatures.

But there is another side also to this picture. Science affects only the material aspects and makes man materialistic. Radio, television, cinema and costly furniture and dresses are all symbols of this artificial civilization. But civilization has material as well as spiritual elements. Science helps only the growth of the material aspects and has no influence on the spiritual element. Science has made man morally bankrupt. It has degraded him. He is no longer inspired by noble ideas. He thinks only of the body and not the soul. Science has created distance between man and religion. He has lost faith in God. He is no longer truth-loving and self-sacrificing. In order to satisfy his wants and desires, he uses dishonest means. By hook or by crook, he wants to possess the luxuries provided to him by science. No moral considerations influence his actions or his thoughts.

Art and literature are also essential aspects of civilization, but science does nothing to promote them. Rather it has an adverse effect on the growth of art. There is inherent opposition between art and science. Science is utility, observation and experiment, reason and good sense, while art is the worship of beauty. It is an inspiration. Science has killed the artistic sense of man and has made him a worshipper of worldly wealth. He now dissects and kills objects of nature instead of enjoying their beauty. To quote from poet William Wordsworth, man now murders to dissect, and perhaps he would botanize even on his mother's grave. His emotions and passions have all dried up and he has become a monster guided by reason alone.

No doubt science has given man the powers used to be attributed to the mythological gods alone, but it has not increased his wisdom or his morality. It has given him weapons. It has given him machines, but machines are now becoming his masters. Man today does not know when to save and when to kill. He has got the atomic energy but he does not know how to use it for his own good and wellbeing. In this way, science has brought human civilization to the verge of disaster.

Much has been said and talked about the importance of science and technology. However, as the saying goes, every rose has its thorns. Science also has added to the human sufferings owing to the adverse impacts it has on the environment. Environmental issues are the biggest concerns the planet earth is facing, let that be in the form of global warming, floods, earthquakes, hurricanes etc. Moreover, no doubt, medical science is no less than a blessing to mankind. Medicines produced all over the world are perceived to be a foolproof cure to a person's illness. However, there is some negativity associated with medical science too.
Today, excessive consumption of drugs can lead to death. Moreover, incorrect dosage may lead to fatal maladies. Where medical science has advanced to an unbelievable extent, it carries with itself perils of all kinds, and just a slight ignorance may prove to be a matter of life and death.

Technology has provided ease of all kinds to man. However, it has made us too busy to even see our loved ones in person. Technology might have made our daily life easier, but it has rendered health issues as well. Tremendous reliance and dependence on electronic gadgets, appliances, and most importantly, computer technology has made human life so lethargic that people are experiencing old age much before they actually grow old. With almost zero physical activity, science might have proved its mettle as an amazingly efficient service to its users, but has got the world adversely hooked to it!

There are no qualms in accepting the fact that science is the biggest revolution ever happened to planet Earth. However, a normal human being has no idea to what extent has this field advanced today.

Technology can actually harm society if one chooses to. Competition between companies or even cities can sometimes make our lives even worse. When a city builds more roads to attract tourists, the result is more traffic load. Even things we take for granted such as the automobile have negative effect on us. Because the automobiles cause pollution and that can surely harm us slowly. Technology is making one so busy that he can't even find time to spend with our closed ones. It would be surprising to know that people are in contact through chat and online messaging though they are in same city, because they think it's faster and effective but they forget that meeting personally can never replace online chatting.

Before the advent of television and internet, people had ways of having fun together every day. Many of these traditional methods of fun have almost disappeared in the modern world. People used to talk with each other, they would play games, but now they play games on computer giving no reaction that people are drifting away from one other.
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Modern-Day Communication Via Social Network Ends True, Sincere Relationship


1. INTRODUCTION
2. SOCIAL NETWORKING REDEFINING INTER - PERSONAL
COMMUNICATIONS AND
RELATIONSHIPS
3. WAYS IN WHICH SOCIAL NET- WORKING HAS PUT AN END TO TRUE AND SINCERE RELATIONSHIP
Creating trust deficit
Vulnerability to infatuation
Dependence on impersonal forms of communication
Sabotaging personal communication through dreadfully-little conversation
Sensationalism and decay of moral values
Making a private matter public
Creating scope for suspicion and infidelity
Eliminating personal space
Superficiality behind 'virtual faces'
Projecting false perceptions of 'awesome lives' and 'happening social geeks'
Disconnecting us through more connections
Accentuated generation gap

4. NEED OF ADAPTATION TO KEEP E-INTERACTIONS REAL
5. CONCLUSION

 Impact of social networking on human relationships in the present-day modern life invites mixed responses from various sections of society. Some deem it a healthy and positive factor which has improved human relationships; while there are others who think that social networking has made the relations devoid of truth and sincerity. There is no denying the fact that social networking has done a great work in improving the social consciousness and awareness. It has also brought people together by giving them a chance to find and interact with others having same interests, attitudes and goals through various web-based communities. But as far as intimate human relations are concerned, the social networking has created isolation and alienation. In the present-day globalized world, where socialization through social networking has acquired the status of a necessity, the basis of relationships is more on appearances than truth and sincerity. The core values driving an intimate relationship, like trust, fidelity and sincerity, have been put to test because of the over-mechanization of human life. The relationships which develop in the due course of time often culminate into mature and trusted companionships. This was possible in an age where the relationships were more intimate and depended on direct interaction. But nowadays, the social networking has made communication possible without having a face-to-face interaction. Thanks to social networking, now there are three parties in a relationship; social networking sites/mobile being the third party. This intrusion of technology has greatly affected human relationships. Where it has introduced ease and accessibility in relationships, it has also created a room for deceit and dishonesty in the relationship. The seemingly greater access to personal information is in fact a controlled reach at filtered information only. It has made it difficult to understand a person in entirety. What people say and how they appear means more than what people are and how they behave in person. The social networking has penetrated to such a level that it has started hurting the health of human relationships.

The advent of social media has transformed the way we communicate. From business and organizational communication to interpersonal communication, and from socio-political interactions to leisure activities, communication in every walk of life has been drastically redefined by this new form of communication. Text messages, emails, tweets, direct voice calls, and personal messages on social forums, to mention a few have become new drivers of communication having enormous effects on our interpersonal relationships. Social media has gained this power for its ability to fulfil the basic need of people: the need to be heard, engaged, and involved in processes they had always wanted to participate in. Now communication is often multidimensional that has impacted interpersonal relationships the most. It has created new communities and relationships based on mutuality of interests, attitudes and goals. Being nearby is no more required to be near to someone. This erosion of the need of being together in person in order to be close to someone has affected our relationships. The truth and sincerity of relationships can no more be ascertained through these virtual communication tools.The social networking has affected the development of a true and sincere relationship. The first and foremost thing necessary for a true and loyal relationship is the presence of mutual trust. With the advent of social networking sites and mobile phones, the mutual trust and harmony has decreased. When both the partners in a relationship interact on any social networking sites, their mutual relationship gets susceptible to mistrust and suspicion. Most of the issues creep up between the partners/lovers due to the inherent nature of social networking sites. The most common instances of such issues are befriending such persons which the other partner does not like, reluctance to share passwords and sharing information with others.

The relationship which has its birth owing to the social networking has an inkling of immaturity and is mostly because of infatuation. Most of such relationships are formed in the teenage when the thinking patterns of the youth are derived more of passions and less of reason. Such relations are made more fickle by the social networking where updates are provided for every minute detail. Updating status, uploading pictures and the comments by friends create confusions and jealousy.

One of the biggest issues with the modern-day relationships is that they are far too much dependent on impersonal forms of communications like social networking sites and mobile phone. It is impossible to build a stable and healthy relationship online or on mobile phone. Face-to-face interaction is very necessary for the development and growth of a sound relationship. But the modern-day relationships based on social networking are dependent on impersonal forms of communication lacking face-to-face interaction.

Moreover, relationships based on social networking are devoid of truth and depth of understanding essential for a sincere relationship. People get to know a lot about each other but that depends on what information is shared. Mostly, those traits and aspects of one's life are shared that are more likely to appeal or excite interest of the other party. Chatting is mostly centered on areas of common interest and not to gauge the personality of the person. That is the reason why there is little of scope of testing the veracity of shared information and statements.

Moral decay is also among the issues encircling the modern-day relationships. Values like dedication, fidelity, sincerity and truthfulness find no place in the technology based relationships. Appearances, sensuality and verbosity seem to play a greater role in making new relationships. The unchecked access to information available on web dis-inhibits immoral behaviours and puts to test our real relationships. Increasingly we find posts, comments or even pictures that are inappropriate to be shared in public. Many of these posts relate to our relationships thus making a private matter public. Matters pertaining to the emotional life have become the subject of gossip at the social networking sites. Traditionally, such issues as those of relationships on verge of breakups were resolved by elders within confined sacred boundaries of home. Now there is nothing confined; hardly any concept of sacred; and virtually no boundaries. Personal differences are shared and discussed publicly. Ironically, we get 'likes' and 'comments' from those hardly concerned.

Interacting on Facebook or twitter has another problem. It brings one closer to too many possible 'matches' that your partner becomes naturally suspicious. Given the still-existing social dynamics and values of our society, such interactions always lead to disagreements. The thin line between complimenting and flirting has been worn away by too many interactions. Many a time these suspicions are not unfounded. Thus, a spontaneous and casual attitude in social networking creates scope for suspicion and infidelity.

Contrarily, many a relations are now disturbed by a compulsion to share too many things with one's fellows that one otherwise would have kept to oneself. One has to disclose one's leisure activities and hangouts against one's wishes. It becomes an obligation to sign-in and inform whenever one is around thus eliminating one's personal space. It leads to frustration and disappointment which often proves fatal for relations.

Anonymity or little access to true information makes social media unpredictable. Because people control what they share, social media gets dicier. Anyone who is technologically moderately literate can project whatever image of him he/she wants. One can hide behind the texts, emails, tweets, comments or status-updates. No one has access to the 'real one'. Thus there is little scope for sincere relationships.

One of the hallmarks of social media is sharing of minute details and pictures with virtually everyone around. Over a million pictures are uploaded on Facebook every day. People use this medium to broadcast their social lives projecting their awesome lives and company of happening social geeks. These false perceptions often become basis of new relationships premised on expectations that are never fulfilled. Thus breakups are even more common than forming of new relationships.

Most of our time spent on socialization is now consumed by social networking where we meet our virtual friends and fellows. Apart from seeing anonymous people and indulging in fake relationships, it markedly reduces the time we spend with our near and dear ones waiting for our attention. We communicate more with our web-friends thousands of miles apart and ignore those sitting next door. Even siblings who are considered to be closest to each other are now being considered infringing on personal space. Thus, rather than improving our connections, social media has snatched our dear relationships.


Social media has also widened the generation gap as technologically illiterate older generations find it difficult to reconcile with social media dynamics. The so-called Generation Y, that grew up with fast computers, instant internet, mobile phones and digital media is more comfortable with tools of social media interacting with their communities of friends and peers. They have become more and more distant and isolated from other segments of society. Thus, our relations with affectionate and loving elders have been affected by this social media.

Given the drastic consequences of social media on human relations, there is a constant realization to fix this problem. We need to learn to live with this new phenomenon and adapt to its requirements. There is a need to check what and with whom we are sharing and its possible implications on our relations. Also, significance of face-to-face communication cannot be overestimated. We should resort to direct communication whenever electronic communication fails or puts us in a fix. Moreover, communication must be a two-way process. Simply texting someone should not mean that our message has been conveyed. We need to get to recipient's feedback to ensure that they understood our message. Furthermore, rosy pictures and eloquent speeches are often made on social media without realizing that we have to live up to the expectations arising from those statements. Social media thus requires extra care in communication so that it doesn't disturb our relationships.

To conclude, advent of social media has revolutionized our ways of communication and interpersonal relationships. Like any other scientific change, this social media can destroy our social structure if left unchecked. We must adapt our habits to ensure that our e-interactions are real and meaningful. We need to learn ways to reap benefits of these advanced technological means of communication and socialization without compromising on our true personal and professional relationships.


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FEDERAL PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION
COMPETITIVE EXAMINATION FOR
RECRUITMENT TO POSTS IN BPS-17 UNDER
THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT, 2013
ISLAMIAT
TIME ALLOWED: 3 HOURS        MAXIMUM MARKS: 100 


Part-I

Q.No.1. Select the best option/answer:

1. The largest Surah of the Quran is:
a. Al-Baqrah
b. Aali Imran
c. Al-Taubah
d. Surah Younus
e. None of these

2. Fidk Garden was bestowed to the Holy Prophet (SAW) as:
a. Fay
b. Booty
c. Gift
d. Loan
e. None of these

3. Arbeen is the book of Hadith in which there are:
a. 40 Ahadith
b. 50 Ahadith
c. 30 Ahadith
d. 20 Ahadith
e. None of these

4. The heads of Zakat are:
a. 8
b. 9
c. 7
d. 5
e. None of these

5. Mauwazatain mean:
a. A Collection of Ahadith
b. Two specific Surah of Quran
c. A book of Jafferi Fiqh
d. A book of Hanafi Fiqh
e. None of these

6. The numbers of famous months are:
a. 4
b. 6
c. 7
d. 2
e. None of these

7. Jabal-e-Noor is situated in:
a. Arafat
b. Ghar-i-Hira
c. Ghar-i-Saur
d. Madinah
e. None of these

8. Which country is known as the “Land of Prophet”?
a. Iraq
b. Saudi Arabia
c. Palestine
d. Syria
e. None of these

9. Zou-Shahadatein is the title of Hazrat:
a. Khuzaima Bin Sabit (RA)
b. Huzaifa Bin Yaman (RA)
c. Ammar Bin Yasir (RA)
d. Imam Abu Hanifa
e. None of these

10. Sura Saba i:
a. Makki
b. Madani
c. Iraqi
d. Makki Madni
e. None of these

11. Which Surah of Quran has Bismillah twice?
a. Al-Nahal
b. Al-Namal
c. Al-Ahzab
d. Al-Noor
e. None of these

12. Imam-e-Darul-Hijra was a title of:
a. Imam Ahmad
b. Imam Maalik
c. Imam Shafai
d. Imam Muhammad
e. None of these

13. Masjid Qiblatain is situated in:
a. Madinah
b. Makkah
c. Taif
d. Jabal e Noor
e. None of these

14. Which is a religious book of Hinduism?
a. Injeel
b. Taurat
c. Ramain
d. Bibel
e. None of these

15. The first Islamic month is:
a. Muharram
b. Zil Hajjah
c. Safar
d. Rajab
e. None of these

16. Which was the total number of idols were in the Kaaba?
a. 260
b. 360
c. 460
d. 560
e. None of these

17. Batha Valley is situated in:
a. Makkah
b. Madinah
c. Iraq
d. Jordan
e. None of these

18. Hazrat Muhammad (SAW) gave the key of Bait-Ullah permanently to:
a. Ummrah bin Utba
b. Hanzla bin Abil Amir
c. Usman Bin Talha
d. Abdullah bin Amir
e. None of these

19. AshabusSabt mean:
a. Jews
b. Christians
c. Muslims
d. Sabieen
e. None of these

20. The word Muhammad (SAW) as a name has been mentioned in Quran only:
a. Two time
b. Four time
c. Six time
d. Seven time
e. None of these

Part-II

Attempt ONLY FIVE questions.

Q.No.2. What is Human Dignity? Explain how Islam recognized it and what efforts have been adopted to maintain the superiority of man? (16)

Q.No.3 Describe the importance and philosophy of Fasting (SAUM). Also explain its individual and collective benefits? (16)

Q.No.4. Define Tauheed (Unity of Allah) in a scholarly manner describing its significance and its effects on human life? (16)

Q.No.5. What is the significance of “Jihad” in the light of Quran and Sunnah? What are its kinds, principles and conditions? (16)

Q.No.6. Define and explain Judicio-Political System of Islam? (16)

Q.No.7. write down in detail the problems of “Ummah” in the contemporary world.

Q.No.8. Discuss the concept of veil and freedom of women from Islamic point of view while analyzing the law against veil in France. (16)

Q.No.9. The Holy Quran is the fountain-head at all kind of knowledge. Discuss (16)
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CSS Compulsory Subjects 2013

  • Essay
  • English (Precis & Composition)
  • Current Affairs
  • Pakistan Affairs
  • Islamiat
  • General Science

CSS Optional Subjects 2013

GROUP I
  • Accounting & Auditing
  • Economics
  • Computer Science
  • Political Science
  • International Relations

GROUP II
  • Physics
  • Chemistry
  • Applied Mathematics
  • Pure Mathematics
  • Statistics
  • Geology

GROUP III
  • Business Administration
  • Public Administration
  • Governance & Public Policies
  • Town Planning & Urban Management

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FEDERAL PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION
COMPETITIVE EXAMINATION FOR
RECRUITMENT TO POSTS IN BPS-17 UNDER
THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT, 2013

ENGLISH ( Précis and Composition)

TIME ALLOWED:
(PART-I MCQs) 30 MINUTES .................. MAX. MARKS:20
(PART-II) 2 HOURS & 30 MINUTES...MAX.MARKS:80

PART I - COMPULSORY

Q.1 Choose the word that is near most similar in meaning to the Capitalized words. (1 Mark each) (20)

1. BRISTLE:
a) Regulate
b) Flare up
c) Frail
d) Exhilarate
e) None of These

2. DELUGE
a). Immerse
b) Rescue
c) Drown
d) Overflow
e) None of These

3. TIRADE
a) Argument
b) Procession
c) Angry Speech
d) Torture
e) None of These

4. QUASI
a) Secret
b) Improper
c) Seeming
d) Whole
e) None of These

5. VILIFY
a) To Prove
b) Boast
c) Defraud
d) Defame
e) None of These

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