Articles by "Golden Tips"

The Cooperative Societies Rules, 1927

14th July, 1926

Whereas certain rules, which it was proposed to make under Section 71 the Cooperative Societies Act, 1925, (Act VII of 1925) were published in Government Notification in the Revenue Department No.5978/24, And whereas the objections and suggestions received with reference to the said rules have been considered by the Government of the Province.
Now, therefore, the Government of the Province in exercise of the powers conferred by Section 71 of the Cooperative Societies Act, 1925 (Act VII of 1925), and in pleased to make the following rules:-

1. Short title.

(1) These rules may be called the Cooperative Societies Rules, 1927.
(2) Definitions. In these rules, unless there is anything repugnant to the subject or context,

(i) the expression “the Act” means the Cooperative Societies Act, 1925
(ii) “section” means a section of Act,
(iii) Words and expressions defined in the Act shall have the meanings assigned to them in the Act.

2. Application for Registration.
(1) Every application for the registration of a society under sub section (1) of Section 9 shall be in the form of Schedule “A” hereto annexed.
(2) In addition to the copy of the bye-laws which is required to accompany the application for registration under subsection (3) of Section 9 two other copies of the proposed bye laws of the society shall be forwarded therewith.
(3) In case where one of the members of the society to be registered is a registered society a member of the Managing Committee of such registered society shall be authorized by such Committee by resolution to sign the application for registration and the bye laws on its behalf and a copy of such resolution shall be appended to the application.

3. Decision of Registrar to be communicated in case of refusal to register. If the Registrar refuses to register the society or its bye laws under Section 10, he shall communicate to the applicants his reasons for so doing.

4. Matters in respect of which a society shall or may make bye laws.

(1) The matters in respect of which every society shall make bye laws are the following:
a. the name and address of the society and its branches, the tribe, classes caste or occupation of its members if the membership is proposed to be s restricted, and the area for which it is to be registered;
b. the object of the society, the purposes to which its funds are applicable, the terms of admission of members, and their rights and liabilities, the consequences of default in payment of any sum due by a member and in the case of credit societies the conditions on which loans may be granted, and the rate of interest and the system of calculation of interest and the maximum number of members that may be admitted; and the case of non credit societies the mode of conducting business purchase, sale, stock taking, and other like matters.
c. The mode of holding meetings and subject to the provisions of rules 5 and 6 the manner of making altering and abrogating bye laws.
d. The mode of appointments and removal of members of the committee and the officers, if any, and the duties and powers of the committee and officers;
e. The manner in which capital may be raised;
f. The mode of custody and of investment of funds and subject to rules 14, 17, 18 and 19 the mode of keeping of accounts; and
g. The distribution of its profits.
(2) Every society may make bye laws in respect of any other matters incidental to the management of its business.

5. Bye-laws. When a society has been registered, the bye laws submitted under sub section (3) of Section 9 shall, subject to any modification approved by the Registrar, and adopted at a general meeting, having a quorum, by majority of not less than two thirds of the members present at such meeting, become the bye laws of the societies.

6. Amendment of Bye Laws. Bye laws may be made, altered or abrogated by a resolution passed at a general meeting of the society provided that
(1) due notice of any proposal to make, alter or abrogate the bye laws give in accordance with the bye laws.
(2) The resolution is passed by not less than two thirds of the members present at the general meeting at which a quorum shall be present or, at an adjourned general meeting (at which if a quorum is not present members present shall form a quorum) and a copy of the resolution is forwarded to the Registrar writhing a period of three months from the date of meeting. A copy of the proposed amendments signed by the officers of the society shall be attached to the copy of the resolution; and
(3) The making, alteration or abrogation of the bye laws is approved and registered by the Registrar.

6-A. Special general meeting at the instance of the Registrar.
Notwithstanding anything contained in the rules or bye laws of a society as to the manner or summoning a General Meeting and a notice to be given, for the said purpose, any person authorized in this behalf by the Registrar may call a special general meeting for which a requisition has been made by the Registrar under sub section (2) of Section 13 is such manner and at such time and place as the Registrar may direct. A special general meeting so convened shall have powers to transact all business which can be transacted at the annual general meeting under the bye laws framed by the society and such other business is specially mentioned in requisition made by the Registrar.

7. Loans and deposits.
Every society with unlimited liability shall, from time to time fix in a general meeting the maximum liability which it may incur in loans and in deposits from non members. The maximum so fixed shall be subject to the sanction of the Registrar who may at any time reduce, it for reasons to be communicated by him to the society in writing and may prescribe a period not being less than four months within which the society shall comply with his orders. No such society shall receive any loan or deposit from a non member which will make its liability to non members exceed the limit sanctioned by the Registrar.

8. Restrictions on borrowing by societies with limited liability.
No society with limited liability shall incur liabilities from persons who are not members exceeding in total fifteen times the total amount of its paid up share capital accumulated reserve fund, and building, funds minus accumulated loss, In calculating the total amount of liabilities for the purposes of this rule, in the case of an agricultural sale society purchase and sale society or a multipurpose sale society, specified by the Registrar by general or special order in that behalf a sum equal to the amounts borrowed by such society from a banking society for giving advances on the security of agricultural produce shall be deducted from the amount of actual liabilities of such society and in the case of the Provincial Cooperative Bank Ltd. A sum equal to the face value of the gilt-edged securities owned by the Bank up to an amount of the paid up share capital of the Bank shall be deducted from the amount of actual liabilities of the Bank.
8-A. The provisions of rule 8 shall apply to land mortgage societies and District Industrial Associations registered under the Cooperative Societies Act, 1927, with the modification that for the word “fifteen time” occurring herein the words “twenty times” shall be substituted.

9. Share not to be hypothecated to the society.
The shares of a society shall not be hypothecated to that society by its members as a security for a loan.

9A. Value of share of member. If a member resigns his membership of society or dies the sum representing the value of interest in the capital of the society to be paid to him or his nominee; heir or legal representative, shall be ascertained as under:
(i) In the case of society with unlimited liability, it shall be the actual amount received by the society in respect of such share or interest;
(ii) In the case of a society with limited liability, it shall be the amount arrived at by a valuation based on the financial position of the society as shown in the last audited balance sheet proceeding the registration or death of such member, provided that it shall not exceed the actual amount received by the society in respect of each share or interest.

10. Deposits with agricultural credit societies.
Agricultural credit societies shall not accept deposits which are not fixed for a period of at least two months, except savings deposits in such societies as have made in their bye laws provisions for the encouragement of thrift among their members by the opening of saving account.

11. Loans on surety ship of non member.
No society shall make any loan to a member on a bond secured by the surety ship of a non member; provided that the registrar may, for special reasons exempt any society by name from the operation of this rule.

12. Writing off of losses.
Losses may be written off against the reserve fund of any society, and the case of limited liability societies if the losses exceed the reserve fund, the balance remaining may be written off against the share capital of the society;
Provided that:
(i) no losses shall be written off without the sanction of a general meeting;
(ii) before any such losses are so written off the society, if it is affiliated and indebted to a Central Bank, shall obtain the approval of the Central Bank in writing which approval shall be given after consultation with the Assistant Registrar, and shall be countersigned by him. If the society is not so affiliated, or if the society is so affiliated, and is not indebted to the Central Bank, it shall first obtain the approval of the Assistant Registrar in writing and;



(iii) if the society itself is a Central Bank the approval of the Provincial Cooperative Bank, given in consultation with and countersigned by the Registrar shall first be obtained;
Provided further that the Assistant Registrar or the Registrar as the case may be may while according or countersigning the approval impose such conditions as to the restoration of part or whole of the amount written off to the reserve fund from out of future profits, as he deems fit.

13. Interblending.
For the purposes of sub section (1) of Section 34 a loan means and includes a deposit made by one society with another society.

14. Accounts, returns and documents.
(1) Every credit society shall keep the following accounts and books , viz.
a. A register of members including persons nominated under section 27;
b. A register of shares and debentures (where capital is raised by shares or
debentures;
c. A share transfer register (where capital is raised by shares of debenture
d. Cash account
e. Members loan account.
f. Deposit Account.
g. Loan register.
h. Interest account.
i. Expense account.
j. Bank account.
k. Minute Book, recording the proceedings of general meetings;
l. Minute book, recording the proceedings of the committee.
m. Register of member’s credit worthiness;
n. Such other accounts and books as may from time to time be prescribed by the Registrar.
Provided that the Registrar may exempt any society or class of societies from the operation of clause (m) mentioned above.
(2) Societies other than credit societies shall keep the accounts and books mentioned in clauses (a), (b), (k) and (i) of sub rule (1) and such other accounts and books as may be approved or form time to time required by the Registrar.
(3) The Registrar may, by order in writing direct any society to get any or all the accounts and books required to be kept by it under sub rule (1) and (2) written up to such date in such form and within such time as he may describe.
(4) The accounts and books by a society shall be kept in such place and by such person as the Registrar may direct.

15. By whom copies of documents or entries my be certified.
For the purpose of Section 31 copies of documents or entries in the books of a society may be certified by any officer of the society

16. Inspection of Documents.
Any member of the public shall be permitted on payment of a fee of 1 rupee for each inspection, to inspect for any lawful purpose any public document (exclusive of public documents privileged under articles 6, 7, 12 and 14 of Qanun-e-Shahadat Order 1984 filled in the office of Registrar.

17. Registrar may require statement and returns to be furnished.
The Registrar and may required any society to submit any statement and any periodical return of receipts and disbursements on such dates and in such form as he may prescribe. Every housing society shall submit a property register to the Registrar on such dates and in such form as he may prescribe.

18. Periodical financial statement to be furnished.
All registered societies classified by the Registrar as Central Bank or as Urban Banks shall submit to that officer a quarterly finance statement in the form prescribed by the Government for the quarters and ending 30th June respectively.

19. Annual Balance Sheet.
(1) On or before 15th September of each year, the Committee of every society shall publish an annual balance sheet showing (a) the profit and loss (b) the receipt and expenditure of the previous financial year and (c) the assets and liabilities as they stood on June 30th. The balance sheet shall be in such form as the Registrar may prescribe or any society or class of society of societies. This balance sheet shall be open to the inspection of any member during office hours at the September 30th to the Registrar and to the Auditor appointed by the Registrar for the audit of that society.
(2) In case of Taluka Development Association the financial year will being from 1st April, and close on 31st day of March.

20. Transfer of interest.
The name and address of every person nominated under section 27 an any revocation or under rule 14, sub rule (1) clause (a).

21. Nomination of persons.
A member may, be writing under his hand deposited with the society during his life time or by a statement signed by the member made in any book kept by the society nominate any person to whom under section 27 his share or interest in the society or so much thereof as may be specified in such nomination shall be paid or transferred on his death.

22. Distribution of profits.
In calculating the profit of a society for the year all accrued interest which is overdue shall be deducted form the gross profits of the year before the net profits are arrived at. All accrued interest, that has been so deducted from the profit of the year and is actually recovered during the subsequent year.

23. Distribution of bonus.
No registered society shall distribute any bonus or shares beyond or shares beyond declared under section 38.

24. Payment of dividend by consumer’s producers or housing society.
No society shall pay its shares holders a dividend exceeding 6/4 per cent in any year on the paid up hare capital standing on the name of each shareholder. If a society is unable to pay a dividend of 6/4 per cent in a year, it may make good the deficit by paying the difference out of profits in future years.

25. Distribution of balance of profits.
Any distribution of the remaining balance of profits under section 40 and after the distribution of dividend under section 38 shall be in accordance with bye laws of the society regarding such distribution. It shall be in proportion to the wages earned by each member in the case of producer's society, and to the amount of goods purchased by each member, or, where it is so provided in the by laws, by each member or customer, in the case of consumer society. It shall also e in proportion to the amount of rent paid by each member in the case of a Housing Society and in the case of a resource society may be in proportion to the goods obtained or sold through the society by each member, or to the loans borrowed from, and the deposits made with, the society by each member.

26. Restrictions on distribution of funds by way of bonus dividend or otherwise.

Without the sanction of the Registrar, no part of the funds of a registered society shall be divided, by way of bonus or dividend or otherwise, amongst its members in any year unless the entire expenditure incurred by such society has been debited in the annual profit and loss account before the net profit has been calculated.
Provided that any loss or portion of loss on account of bad debts written off during the year may not be debited if it be deducted from any bad debt or with the sanction of the Registrar from the Reserve fund.

27. Investment of funds.
With the previous sanction of the Registrar any society may invest its funds or a portion thereof (a) in the shares of the State Bank of Pakistan constituted under the State Bank of Pakistan Order, 1948 (b) in the purchase or leasing of land or building and (c) in the construction of buildings, provided that the purchase of such land or the construction of such buildings, is likely to be advantageous to the society in the conduct of its business.

28. Reserve fund.
The reserve fund of any registered society may be utilized in the business of the society, or be invest or deposited in any of the ways mentioned in clauses (a), (b), (c) and (d) of section 37. The Registrar may, for reasons to be communicated in writing by him to the society, by general or special order direct that the latter course be adopted. In the case of a society constituted with the object of cooperative housing on a co-partnership tenancy basis the reserve fund may be utilized for expenditure on the maintenance, repair and renewal of the buildings of the society.

29. The Levy of audit fees.
Registrar may, with the previous sanction of the Provincial Government, levy audit fees on all societies provided that in the case of an agricultural cooperative credit society, the audit fees so levied shall not exceed 5/8 per cent calculated on the working capital of the society as it stood at the close of the last preceding cooperative year. The Registrar shall employ the proceed of such audit fees in maintaining a staff to audit the accounts of society. Such audit fees shall be recoverable under section 65.

30. [Deleted].

31. Audit of account of consumer’s societies.
(1)Consumer’s Societies with working capital exceeding Rs.50,000/- may at their option arrange for their own annual audit independently. The societies arranging for their own audit shall report the fact to the Registrar before the 1st of May every year. Failing the receipt of such a report from any Consumer’s Society before the 1st May in any year, the Registrar shall arrange for the compulsory audit of such society by an official auditor. When the audit is made by an official auditor, a fee of Rs. 10 per day to the whole period of the audit (a portion of day being treated as full day) shall be recovered from the society and credited to Government.
(2) If, after an inquiry under Section 43 or an inspection under Section 44, the Registrar has grounds for thinking that the audit arranged independently by the society has been serious defective, he may order the official auditor to make a fresh audit of the society, and may recover the cost of the audit from the society.

32. Arbitration.
When a dispute has been referred to the Registrar under Section 54, the Registrar or his nominees, shall issue a notice to all parties, and unless either of the parties desired with 15 days of the issue of such a notice that the matter be referred to arbitration, shall proceed to decide the dispute himself.
When either of the parties desire that the matter be referred to arbitration, the Registrar (or his nominee shall call each party to nominate his arbitrator within 15 days, and to send statement signed by the proposed arbitrator about his willingness to serve as an arbitrator. When there are more persons than one on each side, the principal party on each side will have the right to nominate the arbitrator. In such cases the Registrar will decide who is the principal party and his decision shall be final.
When either of the parties fails to make a nomination within the period aforesaid, the Registrar may nominate an arbitrator on behalf of such party.
The Registrar or his nominee will act as Chairman of the Committee of three Arbitrators. He will fix the date and place of hearing, the dispute and carry on the necessary correspondence in connection with the disposal of the case.
When any dispute is referred to the Registrar’s nominee or to three arbitrators for decision and is not decided by them within two months or such further period as the Registrar may allow the Registrar may decide the dispute himself or refer it again to his nominee for decision.


33. Registrar may appoint any person to be his nominee for any specified area.
The Registrar, by Special order to be notified in the Provincial Gazette may appoint any person to perform the duties of his nominee for disputes arising in any one or more cooperative societies within any area specified in the order for a period to be specified in the order. Such period shall not ordinarily exceed one year but may be extended by further special order for a further period not exceeding one year in each case.

34. Payment of expenses of arbitration.
The Registrar or his nominee and the arbitrators shall have power to order the expenses of determining the disputes, to be paid out of the funds of the society, or by such party or parities to the dispute as they think fit. According to a scale lay down by the Registrar. The Registrar may fix the fees to be paid to his nominee out of the expenses so recovered.

35. Procedure in arbitration proceedings.
The Registrar or his nominee shall record a brief notice in English or in vernacular of the evidence of the parties and witness, who attend, and upon the evidence so recorded, and upon consideration of any documentary evidence produced by either side, a decision or award, as the case may be, shall be given in accordance with justice, equity and good conscience, and shall be reduced to writing. If any party duly summoned to attend fails to appears, the dispute may be decided ex-parte. In cases where three arbitrators are appointed, the opinion of the majority shall prevail. In case of equality of votes, it shall be decided by the Registrar himself.
If an arbitrator nominated by a party remains absent for two consecutive meetings without the permission of the Registrar or his nominee the Registrar, (Where he is an arbitrator) or his nominee, as the case may be and the other arbitrator may proceed with the case and give award. In case of difference of opinion between the Registrar (where he is an arbitrator, and the other arbitrator), the decision of the Registrar shall prevail, and in case of difference of opinion between the Registrar’s nominee and the second arbitrator, the matter will be decided by the Registrar himself.

36. Appearance by pleaders.
In proceeding held under rules 32 to 35, no party shall be represented by a legal practitioner.

37. Execution of arbitrator order in special case.
Subject to the provisions of Section 59 of the Act, the Registrar may by an order in writing specially authorize any officer of the Cooperatives Department not below the rank of a Sub-Auditor or a Supervisor of supervising union to call for and send arbitration order obtained by any society for execution. The societies in respect of which those powers are to be exercised by the officer so authorized shall be mentioned in the order.

37-A. When recovery of arbitration awards is made by village officers, the Registrar shall have power to order the expenses of such recovery to be paid out of the society or by such party or parties in default as he may think fit according to a scale laid down by the Registrar.


38. Liquidation.
Where a Liquidator has been appointed under Section 47, the following procedure shall be adopted.
(1) The appointment of the Liquidator shall be notified by the Registrar in the Provincial Gazette.
(2) The Liquidator shall at once take charge of the book and property and assets of the society and publish by such means as he may think proper a notice requiring all claims against the dissolved society to be notified to him within two months of the publication of the notice. He shall thereafter proceed to take such further action as empowered to take under the Act. All liabilities recorded in the account books of a society shall be deemed to have been duly notified to the Liquidator.
(3) The Liquidator shall make separate orders against the various members and past members of the society, noting the amount to be realized form each as a contribution under clause (d) of Section 50 and as the cost of liquidation under clause (i) of the said section. These order shall be submitted for approval to the Registrar, who may modify them or refer them back to the Liquidator for further inquiry or other action or may forward them for execution under Section 59.
(4) If the sum assessed against any member is not recovered the Liquidator may frame a subsidiary order or orders against the any other member or members to the extent of the liability or each of the debits of the society until the whole amount due from members is recovered, and these orders shall be dealt with in the same way as orders under sub rule (3).
(5) The Liquidator shall submit a quarterly progress report to the Registrar in such form as the Registrar may require.
(6) All funds in the charge of the Liquidator shall be deposited either in the Post Officer Savings Bank or in a Central Cooperative Bank, and shall stand in his name.
(7) Where recovery of the dues is made by village officers the Liquidator may pay to such officers, remuneration at the rate of one per cent of the amount collected by such officers.
(8) The Registrar shall fix the amount of fee, any to be paid to the Liquidator.
(9) At the conclusion of the Liquidation a general meeting of the members of the dissolved society shall be called at which the Liquidator shall summaries his proceedings, point out the causes of the failure of the society and report what sum, if any, remains in his possession after meeting all the liabilities of the society, as determined under the rules.
(10) The record of a society that is being wound up shall be kept in such place and by such person as the Registrar may direct.

39. Execution of orders.
Every order passed by the Registrar under Section 50-A and every order issued under Section 55 shall if not carried out, be executed, in accordance with Section 59.

39-A. Recovery of costs of execution when property is not sold.
When recovery is made under Section 59 in execution of any order referred to in the said section, and the property is not sold in such execution the Registrar may order the expenses of such recovery to be paid by any party in default according to a scale laid down by him not exceeding in the aggregate five per centum of the amount of the dues.

40. Disposal of records of society whose registration is cancelled.
(1) When an order directing a society to be wound up is issued under Section 47 and no Liquidator is appointed, the officers of the society which is wound up shall, within 15 days of the publication of the order in the Provincial Gazette send by registered book post or railway parcel, the records and books of the society to the Assistant Registrar or hand over the same to the local Auditors.
(2) When the affairs of a society for which a Liquidator has been appointed, have been wound up and an order cancelled the registration is made under Section 49, the Liquidator will forward all the books and records of the cancelled society, and all his own papers and proceedings, by Railway parcel to the Assistant Registrar together with an account of his expenses, showing how the balance has been disposed of and attaching the receipt of the person to whom it was handed over.
(3) All the books and records of a society whose registration has been cancelled and the proceedings of Liquidation completed shall be destroyed by the Assistant Registrar, after the expiry of two years from the date of the order canceling the registration of the society.

41. Interest in Liquidation proceedings.
On any debt which is due from a society that is being wound up, the creditor may prove for interest up to the date of the Registrar’s order for winding up at a rate which, in the case of the Provincial Cooperative Bank or Cooperative Bank or a District Cooperative Bank or other Cooperative Bank permitted by the Registrar to finance societies shall be the contract rate, and in other cases shall be a rate to be fixed by the Registrar and not exceeding the contract rate;
Provided that, if nay surplus assets remain after all liabilities including liabilities on shares, have been paid off, further interest on such debts as a rate to be fixed by the Registrar and not exceeding the contract rate may be allowed to creditors from the date mentioned above up to the date of the repayment of the principal.

42. Service or summonses, Miscellaneous.
Summonses issued by the Registrar, or by a person authorized to hold an inquiry or to make an inspection or by the Auditor or Liquidator, or by the Registrar’s nominee, under Section 58, shall if sent for service to a Mukhtiarkar by such officer.

43. Fees to be credited to Government.
All (fee) fines levied under Section 61 and rule 42 shall be credited to Government.

44. Mode of serving summonses.
(1) A summon issued by any of the officers mentioned in rule 42 may be served personally or through a Mukhtiarkar or any member of the Cooperatives Department or any Honorary Organizer or Chairman or Secretary of the society or by registered post acknowledgement paid.
(2) The serving officer shall, in all cases in which summons has been served, endorse or annex, or cause to be endorsed or annexed on or to the original summons a return stating the time when and the manner in which the summons was served and the name and address of the person (if any) identifying the person served and witnessing the delivery or tender or the summons.
(3) The person issuing the summon, may examine the serving officer on oath, or cause him to be so examine by the Mukhtiarkar through whom it is served, and may make such further inquiry in the matter as he thinks fit and shall either declare that the summons has been duly served, or order it to be served in such manner as he thinks fit.

45. Restriction on membership of two credit societies.
(1) No person being a member of a cooperative credit society or any society dispensing credit other than a land mortgage bank or a central financing society or a sale society, shall be a member of any other society of a similar type without the general or special sanction of the Registrar and where a person has become a member of two or more such societies any or all such societies shall be bound to remove him from membership upon receiving written requisition from the Registrar to that effect.
(2) Credit societies or societies dispensing credit shall not admit as members an members an unregistered firm partnership or association of individuals.

45-A. The Registrar shall have power to expel from any registered society a member who in the Registrar’s opinion is a persistent default or who does any act prejudicial to the interest of the society.
Provided however that the member so expelled shall always have the right to appeal to Government against such order.

46. Societies not to be involved in controversial matters of a religious character.
No society may take any action which would involve the society in the discussion or propagation of controversial opinions of a religious character, and the Registrar may prohibit any action or rescind any resolution which in his opinion is of such a tendency.

47. Registrar to keep a record of names, addresses and bye laws of societies.
The Registrar shall keep a register of the names and addresses of all registered societies and shall record a copy of the registered bye laws and subsequent amendments to the bye laws of such societies.

48. Society may be wound up if membership isreduced.
(1) Notwithstanding anything contained in the byelaws of a society the Registrar may be order published with reasons therefore in the Official Gazette, supersede the committee or a society for a period to be specified in such order.
(2) The period of suspension specified in an order under sub rule (1) may from time to time be extended by the Registrar.
(3) All powers and duties of the committee shall, during the period of super-sessions be exercised and performed by such person or persons not exceeding 9 as the Registrar may from time to time appoint in this behalf.
(4) The person or person appointed under sub rule (3) shall hold office for a period of 2 years.
(5) On the expiry of every 2 year period, if the order of super-session is still in force, fresh appointment of person or persons shall be made by the Registrar for a period of 2 years or for the period during which the order of super-session is in force whichever is less.
(6) Before making an order under sub rule (1) or sub rule (2) the Registrar shall.
(7) In the case of the Provincial Cooperative Bank, the appointment of a person or persons under any of the foregoing sub rules or the filling of any vacancy shall be made by the Registrar with the previous approval of the Provincial Government.
(8) Nothing in this rule shall affect the byelaws of the society relating to the meetings of the committee.
(9) Nothing in this rule shall be deemed to affect the powers of the Registrar to cancel the registration of a society under Section 47.

49. Issue of proclamation prohibiting private transfers of property.
(1) The Registrar Liquidator or Assistant Registrar acting under clause (a) or clause (b) of sub section (1) of Section 59 of the Act, shall at the same time that he signs a certificate affecting any property issue a proclamation in the form prescribed in Schedule B annexed hereto and in the case of immovable property, shall also forward a copy of the proclamation to the Mamlatdar of the taluka in which the property is situated.
(2) The Malatdar shall cause an entry about such certificate to be made in the Record of Rights.

50. Transfer of property under Section 59-A.
(1) When in execution of an order sought to be executed under Section 59 any property cannot be sold for want of buyers; if such property is in the possession of the defaulter, or of some person on his behalf or of some person on his behalf or of some person claiming it under a title created by the defaulter subsequently to the issued of the certificate by the Registrar, Liquidator or Assistant Registrar under clause (a) or (b) of sub section (1) of the said section, the officer conducting the execution shall as soon as practicable report the fact to (a) the Court or the Collector as the case may be and (b) the society which applied for the said order.
(2) On receipt of a report under sub rule (1) the society may, within one month from the date of the receipt of the report, submit an application in writing to the Court or the Collector, as the case may be, stating the terms and conditions on which it agreed to take over such property.
(3) On receipt of an application under sub rule (2) notices shall be issued to the defaulter and to all persons known to be interested in the property, including those whose names appear in the Record of Rights as persons holding any interest in the property about the intended transfer.
(4) on receipt of such a notice the defaulter or any person owing such property or holding an interest therein by virtue of a title acquire before the date of the issue of a certificate under Section 59 may within one month from the date to the receipt of such notice deposit with the Court or the Collector, as the case may be, for payment to the society sum equal to the amount due under the order sought to be executed together with interest thereon and such additional sum for payment of costs and other incidental expenses as may be determined in this behalf by the Court of the Collector, as the case may be.
(5) On the failure of the defaulter, or any person interested or any person holding any interest in the property to deposit the amount under sub-rule(4) the court or the collector, as the case may, be, shall direct the property to be transferred to the society on the conditions stated in the certificate in the form prescribed in Schedule “C” annexed hereto.
(6) The certificate granted under sub rule (5) shall state whether the property is transferred to the society in full or partial satisfaction of the amount due to it from the defaulter.
(7) If the property is transferred to the society in partial satisfaction of the amount due to it from the defaulter, the Court or the Collector, as the case may be, shall, on the production by the society of a certificate signed by the Registrar recover the balance due to the society in the manner prescribed in Section 59.

51. The Deduction from salary or wages under sub section.
of section 65-A shall not exceed one third, round off in the manner provided in this rule, of the salary or wages payable to a member of a society the rounding off shall be done by deleting all fractions of a rupee up to but excluding half and counting half and all higher fractions as one rupee.

52. Power and duties of the Committee.
(1) The business of every registered society shall be managed by the committee subject to the provisions of the Act and these rules and subject to such byelaws not being inconsistent with the Act or these rules as have been passed in general meeting and registered under the Act; but no byelaws registered under the Act, shall invalidate any prior act of the committee which would have been valid if that byelaws had not been registered.
(2) The committee shall take such security from servants and officers of the society as the committee may decide with the sanction of the Registrar.
(3) If, in the opinion of the Registrar, the number of persons who are employed by a committee as officers or servants or whom a society proposes to employ or the remuneration assigned by the committee to those persons or to any particular person is excessive the committee shall, on the requirement of Registrar, reduce the number of the said persons; or the remuneration of the said person or persons; Provided that the committee may appeal against any such requirement to the Provincial Government, whose decision shall be conclusive.
(4) Notwithstanding anything contained in the byelaws of any society, except societies with unlimited liability and those having less than Rs. 20,000/- paid up share capital, a committee shall not sanction a loan in any form to a member of the committee or to an officer or servant of the society without the prior sanction of the Registrar;
Explanation. For the purpose of this sub rule, grant of a loan includes surety ship for a loan.
(5) Notwithstanding any thing contained in the byelaws of a society other than a land mortgage bank, the committee shall not advance a loan in any form of a total period exceeding three years inclusive of extensions, if any, and shall not deposit or invest its funds in the 1st mortgage on immovable property under section 37 of the Act, without the prior sanction mentioned in sub rule (4) of this rule.
(6) Notwithstanding any thing contained in the byelaws of a society the committee shall not grant any extension to a member in respect of debts or demands due by such member to the society, after the dispute has been referred to arbitration under section 54 without the prior sanction mentioned in such rule (4) of this rule.
(7) The committee of every bank shall frame rules with the sanction of the Registrar to regulate the grant of loans to members of the society. The rule shall prescribe the maximum limits of loans which can be granted to a member, inclusive of loans for which a member is surety under the various classes of loans. Such rules may be amended with the prior sanction of the Registrar.

53. Qualification of members of committee.
(1) No member of a society shall be on the committee elected under the byelaws.
a. Who
i. has been sentenced by a criminal Court to imprisonment or whipping for an offence punishable with imprisonment for a term exceeding six months, or to transportation such sentence not having been subsequently reversed or quashed if, an, so long as such sentence has not expired; or
ii. has been removed from office under rule, 48 unless he has by an order which the Registrar is hereby empowered to make in this behalf, has been relieved from the disqualification arising on account of such sentence or removal from office; or
b. is an uncertified bankrupt or an un discharged insolvent or legally disabled, to contract; or
c. Who is less than 21 years of age; or
d. Who is of unsound mind; or
e. Who is declared by the Registrar to be a persistent defaulter; or
f. Who is a servant or officer and at the same time a borrower of the society.
(2) In cooperative banks and in such societies as, have a paid up share capital Rs. 20,000/- or above no members of the society shall be on the Committee.
a. who suffers from any of the disqualification specifiedin sub-rule(1); or
b. who is a borrower or a surety of a borrower unless he has obtained the previous permission from the Financing Bank to which the society is indebted or of the Federation or Union to which the society is affiliated or of the Registrar if the society is not so indebted or affiliated; or
c. who isinterested, directly or indirectly in any contract of employment with or under or by or on behalf of the society; or
d. who does not hold shares of the paid up value of at least Rs. 500/-; or
e. In case of represented of society, if he or the society of which he is a member, is a defaulter in payment of a loan to the bank or society from which he or it has borrowed a loan.
Provided, however that a person referred to in clause (e) of sub rules (1) or clause (a) of this sub rule may appeal to the Government for the removal of the disability operating in his case.
(3) The provisions of sub rules (1) and (2) of this rule shall apply not withstanding any thing contained in the bylaws of the society but shall not apply to the Punjab Provincial Cooperative Bank Ltd.

54. Investment of Funds.
A society may, with the previous sanction of the Registrar, invest its funds or any portion thereof in the purchase of lease of land or buildings or in the construction of buildings required for the documents of its business.

55. Power to make Rules.
The committee of any cooperative bank or society have a working capital of over rupees one lac, shall frame rules forregulating the appointment, removal, dismissal and promotion of its employees.


According to the preset trend of FPSC/PPSC past papers, one should cover each of the following areas:

1. English Literature (Books to be consulted are: Emporium Publishers' MCQs of English Literature,, B.R Mullick's History of English Literature
2. English Grammar Wren & Martin's High School Grammar,
3. Linguistics (Famous publishers' Linguistics' book,)

Along with them, one should try to consult some material for Literary Terms. For this purpose, Dictionary of Literary Terms by Martin Grey is best.

10 Questions with ROSHAN LAL WADWANI (FSP)

Candidly, Jahangir's World Times (JWT) worked as a mentor for me as it has been a constant source of knowledge. It provided me with all the required information about the CSS and its preparation.

Jahangir's World Times (JWT): First of all, tell us about your education?
Roshan Wadwani (RW): Basically, I hail from Sindh province. In fact, I had braved numerous hardships as the region I belong to is extremely backward in terms of education facilities and guidance as it lacks good institutions. Actually, being a victim of polio, I could not attend school. My parents had to arrange a home-teacher to start my studies. Later, my family had to shift to India where I got educated for nearly two years. This was a real turning point in my life because thenceforth my devotion to studies further strengthened. When we moved back to Pakistan, I continued my studies and did my matriculation in “A” grade from a Government High School Jarwar, district Ghotki.

After, I earned my master's degree in English from Shah Abdul Latif University, Khairpur, I started teaching at a private school. Teaching really helped me in discovering my potentials, developing confidence and enhancing my capabilities.

JWT: When you were growing up, what was your dream career? Was being a CSP always your aim?
RW: Joining the Civil Services has never been my aim. It might be surprising for you that till 2005, I didn't have much knowledge about CSS. I always wanted to be a doctor but, unfortunately, my disability frustrated my dreams. Nevertheless, I did not lose hope and my resolve to prove my potential always encouraged to go on with my studies.

JWT: What made you go for the CSS?
RW: What made me aspire to be a CSP was a passion for social work. Philanthropy has been at the core of my heart. Furthermore, Civil Service guarantees a prestigious career as there is a wider circle of influence as you become a part of policy making circles.

JWT: What, in your opinion, is the reason that we do not see a substantial representation of minorities, especially Hindus, in Civil Service of Pakistan. And, what inspired you to join it?

RW: I think, it's due to lack of sufficient awareness of Civil Service. Although, I had qualified yet fewer people in my town really know what, after all, Civil Service is. However, awareness is increasing and more and more candidates from Hindu Community are taking CSS exams.

JWT: Polio has scarred the image of Pakistan in the world. Although you yourself are a polio victim yet your successes are definitely phenomenal. How you can portray the positive image of our country?

RW: Polio is, of course, a serious challenge for Pakistan. Actually, there is a little awareness among common people about the rights of the disabled and facilities to be provided to them. I myself had to face a lot of problems to reach this stage. I believe Pakistan is a country abounding in opportunities because I, myself, have become a part of this prestigious fraternity without any political backing or influence.
Foreign Service of Pakistan — my first choice in the occupational groups — is the right platform to present a positive image of Pakistan as through this, I can represent Pakistan all over the world.

JWT: Impressed by your endeavours, if some readers decide to go for CSS, then what advice would you give them? And, how do you see Jahangir's World Times (JWT) as far as guidance for CSS-exam is concerned?

RW: I would exhort readers and new aspirants to believe in hard work. Always keep in mind that there is no substitute to hard work. When hopes are high and eyes are towards target then nothing is impossible, that is what I have learnt from my life and, of course, personal experiences.
Candidly, Jahangir's World Times (JWT) worked as a mentor for me as it has been a constant source of knowledge when I couldn't join any academy during the preparation for written part as well as for interviews. It was JWT that provided me with all the required information about the CSS and its preparation. All its articles are very informative and thought-provoking. I would strongly recommend the new aspirants to consult JWT while preparing for the CSS.

JWT: How one can make a difference in written part?
RW: One can make a real difference through vast reading and by developing one's analytical skills. Elements like coherence, clarity of ideas and logical arguments must be kept in mind while answering the question. Strong introductory and concluding paragraphs also prove really helpful.

JWT: How did you manage to get through Essay and Précis & Composition papers? Although these two are the most crucial papers, yet you fetched good marks especially in Composition paper?

RW: I drew up a simple strategy; write, write and write. I used to write and practice complete essays and it helped me a lot in developing writing skills and rectifying any mistakes. This ultimately paid off and I got excellent marks in Composition paper. Students usually shun practicing essay or précis which is not the right approach. The more you write, the more you know about your weaknesses and the more you sharpen your writing and analytical skills. As regards English composition paper, one should work on the basic syntax, enrichment of vocabulary, and above all, one should always work more and more on précis, comprehension and expansion of ideas.

JWT: How one can adopt a balanced approach to equally focus compulsory and optional subjects?
RW: Generally, the aspirants choose optional subjects while keeping in mind the scoring trend. This factor should be considered but the thing that really matters is one's interest in a particular subject. So don't follow the popular trend and just follow your heart. During preparation equal importance and time should be allotted for both compulsory and optional subjects. Consult one or two good books on each subject and prepare your own notes.

JWT: Would you like to give any message to our readers especially those from minority communities?
RW: I urge the youth especially belonging to minorities to take CSS exam and to succeed, you must first believe YOU CAN!

Source: Jahangir's World Times

10 Questions with Talha Masood

JWT provides CSS aspirants with complete guidance on all aspects of CSS.

Jahangir’s World Times (JWT): Kindly tell us about your educational background and achievements in detail.

Talha Masood (TM): I was never so fortunate as to get educated from quality institutions. My schooling till class 9th was at Pak Public Model School, Panjgur. Then I did matriculation from Babar School, Quetta. Afterwards, I continued my education primarily as a private candidate. Then due to considerate guidance of Ma’am Faiza Meer, a lecturer at Balochistan University, I got enrolled in Master’s in International Relations programme from University of Balochistan and earned this degree with first division.

Actually, being an over-ambitious sort of person, I wanted to do a lot of things.

I got a diploma in Hotel Management and started working at Karachi Marriott as Housekeeping Coordinator. But, that was the place that instilled in me fervour to do something extraordinary for me as well as my family. So, I resigned from there and went on to work in many other organizations including Quetta Serena Hotel. I always worked hard and owing to my relentless struggle, Allah helped me in coming at the right track. So, I appeared in CSS and by the grace of Allah Almighty, I stood fourth in Balochistan. This still is among the biggest achievements in my life.

Besides qualifying CSS, I also co-founded the “Organization for the Development of Youth,” — another great achievement in my life — whereby we endeavour to steer the youth of Balochistan to right direction and make them capitalize their incomparable talents in diverse fields.

JWT: In your opinion, how the Inland Revenue Service (IRS) is better than other groups?
TM: Firstly, I would say that all the groups have distinctive attraction and charm. IRS is a lot more preferable group especially after excellent procedural reforms. After the inclusion of sales tax department in the ambit of IRS, it is now the collector of almost 90% of country’s total tax.
Besides, as an IRS officer you will mostly perform your duties in big cities. Most of the RTO’s and LTU’s are located in such cities. You can get postings in the cities of your choice almost all the time; another hallmark of the IRS. Besides attractive salary packages, the IRS offers fastest growth in terms of promotion and important assignments.

JWT: Did you join any academy or prepared for CSS on your own?
TM: I had some mentors of very good repute including Sir Noor Ahmed Samoon and Sir Mohammad Ishaque. They always rated me very high and under their patronage, I never felt the need to join any academy. I was of the view that resorting to academies for preparation would temper my originality. Nevertheless, aforementioned teachers helped me a lot in preparing for CSS.

JWT: What, between books and notes, should be preferred for better preparation?
TM: I think notes do matter but only if you prepare them by yourself. Ideally, more than one book must be consulted for each subject if one wishes to prepare for higher marks.
For each subject, use of its jargon and terminology adds a rewarding impact to one’s papers.

JWT: What strategy one should adopt to make a difference?
TM: Read more! Actually, problem is that most students have limited range of knowledge and that too is built on wrong frame of references. They usually stick to market books hence face mammoth problems in getting through the exam. The only panacea is to read quality material and reference books.

JWT: You know, most candidates fail English Essay and English Précis & Composition papers. What strategy would you suggest for these two crucial papers?
TM: These two papers — Essay and Composition — are most crucial. The other subjects are hugely reflected by sound grip on these very subjects. We tend to use various techniques in these papers; leaving aside the originality. One must invest extensive practice of these two subjects without having any pre-conceived notions of good command over English.

JWT: What sort of guidance is required for the fresh aspirants and how do you see Jahangir’s World Times (JWT) in this regard?
TM: JWT provides CSS aspirants with complete guidance on all aspects of CSS. I first studied it in 2009 and I am its regular reader till date. It helps candidates in their focused and result-oriented pursuits for this big exam.

JWT: Do you believe in luck-factor in CSS? You must be privy to the fact that a number of average students get allocated while the talented ones are left out of the race?
TM: Fishing out luck factor in CSS or in any other field of life is an epic folly. This exam is designed for those who work hard. I would suggest that the aspirants must employ all their weaponry. Besides, they must be open to new ideas. Prudent planning coupled with consistency is the only key to success in CSS exams.

JWT: Would you like to give any message to prospective candidates?
TM: Don’t let the window of practical idealism close in your life. This only would make you jump out of bed each morning in pursuance of cherished goals in your life.

Source: Jahangir's World Times

Batool Asadi: 1st in Balochistan, 21st in Pakistan CSS-2012

“Jahangir World Times has been a constant source of knowledge for me. It brings CSS in a nutshell to our doorsteps.”

Jahangir's World Times

(JWT): Kindly tell us about your educational background and achievements in detail?

Batool Asadi (BA): I hail from Quetta. After acquiring elementary education, I started B-Pharmacy. But, I soon realized that it was not my cup of tea. I feel I am naturally inclined to literature. Therefore, I earned my Master's degree in English Literature by securing 2nd position. In 2008, I started my career as a lecturer in English Department of Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences. I continued my endeavours in pursuit of higher education, and in 2010, I was the only student from Balochistan to secure admission in MS (English Literature) at International Islamic University, Islamabad. My husband, a Civil Servant himself, convinced me to go for CSS. I attempted CSS in 2012 and stood first in Balochistan and 21st overall.

(JWT): What is so special in PAS and how it is better than other groups?

(BA): PAS holds a pivotal position and is like a nucleus in the very structure of the executive pillar of the state. Its tremendous scope along with diversity in postings and assignments make it a prime group.

(JWT): Between books and notes, what did you prefer for the preparations?

(BA): Proper guidance ensures smooth sailing in the sea of CSS. My husband recommended books and helped me prepare notes. I used nothing specific for English, as that has been my subject, but for other papers, I consulted books along with Dawn newspaper. Besides, internet, Jahangir's World Times and discussions with my husband have been the constant sources of help to me.

Moreover, I studied in accordance with past papers. I followed an ambitious schedule. I did not prepare detailed notes, rather made only the outlines. I focused higher conceptual clarity, rather than cramming. Finally, for the sake of conditioning or prior mock experience, I attempted all the papers at home. I would suggest that all aspirants must start preparation at least 8 months before the exam.

(JWT): What strategy, in your opinion, one should adopt to make a difference?

(BA): The dream of making a difference demands a walk of some extra—and intelligent—miles. This includes, proper guidance, study aiming at conceptual clarity, drafting introductory paragraphs beforehand, applying analytical and logical instruments rather than simple and plain narrations.

(JWT): As you know, most candidates fail English Essay, and English Précis & Composition papers. What steps would you suggest for these two crucial papers?

(BA): Very true! Despite being a thesis writer, it was really a tough task, even for me, to tune myself to the requirements of English Essay paper. I would suggest that to get a command over essay, the aspirants should prepare comprehensive outlines covering all the aspects of a particular topic. In addition, they should prepare introductory paragraphs which may be altered as per situation. They should strictly follow the format of essay and their writing should have spontaneity and logical flow. Do misused bombastic vocabulary, spelling mistakes as it is like a crime in competitive exams.

As far as English composition is concerned, one should work on the basic grammatical structures, enrichment of vocabulary, and above all, more and more writing practice for précis, comprehension and expansion of idea is inevitable.

(JWT): Who can opt for psychology? Is it true that only the candidates having a science background can perform well? Also suggest some good books and tips to get high score in this very subject.

(BA): Any aspirant having an aptitude can go for psychology. For instance, I have studied literature and have a passion for it, but in psychology, I secured 157 marks. I would suggest the books of Feldman and other writers of such stature. Securing high marks in psychology requires memorization of some terms, but more emphasis must be on conceptual clarity and application of concepts in everyday life.

(JWT): What sort of guidance is required for the fresh aspirants and how do you see the Jahangir's World Times (JWT) as far as guidance for CSS is concerned?

(BA): As per my experience, guidance from the right people may be an Aladdin's lamp in the quest for CSS. Jahangir World Times has been a constant source of knowledge for me, even after exam. It brings CSS in a nutshell to our doorsteps. It has been enriching and enabling CSS aspirants to cope with examination needs in a smarter manner. I am grateful to Jahangir World Times for energizing me, when I was going through a period of fluctuating motivation.

(JWT): Do you believe in luck factor in CSS? We always notice numerous average students getting allocated while talented and scholarly students get out of the foray?

(BA): I do believe in luck factor, but it's not that simple to be addressed in 'Yes-No mode'. It will be an extreme fatalist view if only luck is considered the absolute factor. It is a blend of wise planning, smart execution, vigilant monitoring and evaluation. Having completed all the prerequisites, luck favours the bold.

(JWT): You message to CSS aspirants?

(BA): I believe that hard work hasn't killed anyone so far. Therefore, my message for upcoming CSS aspirants will be to adopt the following lines of Henry Wadsworth Longfellow as theme song of their life:

“Let us be up and doing
With heart for any fate
Still achieving still pursuing
Learn to labor and to wait”

Source: Jahangir's World Time's

For essay, you should spend 15to20 minutes for selecting the topic, it will save you from disaster, once you have selected the right topic, there will be no issue of time at least for managing your essay in 2.5 hours, and this is sufficient time for attempting essay. After selecting the topic, make outline, it should be logical, sequential, well-managed, self-speaking so that examiner don't find any difficulty in understanding it. From your outline, examiner will have an idea that you are able to pass the paper or not so be careful while writing outline, following points should be kept in mind.

I believe that written part of CSS is not a test of knowledge of the candidates; Rather it is the test of their analytical skills. Most of the questions in the papers are of application level in which candidates are required to apply their knowledge. So in order to get good marks in written, the candidates need to improve their analytical and application skills by practising questions from the Past Papers after they have completed their preparation.
ASP Mufakhar Adeel
2nd Position, CSS-2006

English Essay is the only paper to evaluate writing skills of the candidate on any topic. Students must have good understanding and knowledge about societal issues like poverty, gender discrimination, social inequality, women empowerment; economic issues like tax reforms, budget, national finance commission award; religion like Islam and West, Islamophobia, Islam and terrorism, pluralism; scientific issues like global warming, pollution; national issues like democracy, military intervention, provincial autonomy , energy crisis, indepedence of judiciary, media; international issues like global terrorism, credit crunch, new world order.
-Syed Nadeem Abass
37 common, PSP

Two things play vital role: firstly, consultation of the original source helps you get the top position. Secondly, written tests, as many as you can, are very beneficial for getting highest marks. And I adopted the same strategy for topping written exam.
Abdullah Khuram NiaZi
2nd Position
PMS Competitive examination 2009/10

I got 215 marks in interview and they are considered to be quite high. The main theme in interview is your confidence. In interview they are looking how well you communicate verbally. so you should speak good English with correct pronunciation. Next what matters are your regarding various national and international issues. You should have clear views which you should be able to support when called upon. One should not have extremist views- a moderate and balanced approach is preferable.
-Zeeshan Shafique Siddiqui
8th Postion, CSS 2007, PSP

A candidate must consider his/her own ability to understand and grasp all those subjects which he/she thinks appropriate for selection. The second consideration must be based on choosing those subjects which can fetch good marks.
Hussain Sarder
Deputy Secretary (Finance)
Government of the Punjab.

Those who get proper guidance at the time of selecting their optional subjects, they remain very comfortable throughout their preparation and also get the desired result in the long run. So the subject selection must be given due consideration in the beginning.
ASP Mufakhar Adeel
2nd Position, CSS-2006

Key steps:
. Excellent written expressions
. Taking regular tests
.Reading newspaper
.Solving the past papers of all subjects
.United and cohesive answers of all the questions
.Proper paragraphing and length of answers must be same
.Proper introduction and ending of a question.
Muhammad Shahrukh Niazi
11th position PMS

I did masters in English and LLB. But I neither took English nor any subject of law as my optional. I went for entirely new subjects, the subjects in which I had the interest. My combination included Islamic history, Urdu, Sociology and journalism. It was mainly because of these subjects that I managed to score 76% marks in optional subjects and hence secured second position overall.
ASP Mufakhar Adeel
2nd Position, CSS-2006

The first and foremost requirement is good command of English language. Every candidate should be able to represent himself/herself. Actually, when one joins the Civil Service then the official language is English; so one has to communicate and interact with people in this language.
Ahmed Farooq FSP
28th common

Practise the basics of English grammer , the candidates should also start learning pair of words, idioms, GRE vocabulary, etc.It is a matter of fact that more than70 percent candidates usually fail in English Essay or English Composition.
It is also very important that the candidates should opt for those subjects which are scoring. For this, they need to elect Islamic History and Culture, Geography, International Law, Punjabi, Journalism, Public Administration and Psychology. For such subjects, you do not need to have a background of these particular subjects.
Zahid Ashraf

It is handy to give a brief outline of every question before attempting full answer. This technique shows the checker that the student knows the answer and he/she is hitting it directly. Make intelligent use of blue pen and black marker to create a good impact. In my opinion, candidates should put more emphasis on preparing for those compulsory subjects where most of the students fail in those subjects.
Ali Waseem
1st Position,
PMS Competitive Examination 2009/10

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Regarding getting 2nd position in PMS Competitive Exams, I want to say that this is the exam of strategy and proper allocation of time. To spend 10 or 12 hours does not matter. Actually, to the point studies and productive studies matter a lot. As far as the strategy is concerned, the students ought not to rely on notes. They should consult original text books and extricate their own notes from those text books. These notes are beneficial for only those students who make their own efforts. In addition, reading quality newspapers are also lucrative for streamlining your concepts.
Abdullah Khurram Niazi
2nd Position,
PMS Competitive Examination 2009/10

I think, the best way to succeed in the competitive exams is will power. I suggest to the candidates that they should opt for a wise selection of optional subjects, work hard and keep in touch with the contemporary affairs. I urge the candidates to broaden their vision and approach and this thing will not only help them succeed in competitive exams but also in life.
Ameer Hasan Qureshi
3rd position,
PMS Competitive Examination 2009/10

The strategy for preparing any competitive exams includes the following tips; proper management including short and long term, choosing elective subjects according to one’s interest and keeping in mind the scoring trends, preparation of notes in two fold manners consisting of comprehensive notes and short/brief notes, reading of journals and newspapers, time management, writing practice and performance during the exam. Frankly speaking, I believe in smart work but as far as the proposition of luck is concerned, God awards you when you show Him your commitment and perseverance.
Kaiser A. Rind
4th position,
PMS Competitive Examination 2009/10

Either it is a CSS or PMS, One should prepare it by allocating full time. First of all, the selection of subjects is very vital; go through the subjects and opt for those which are scoring. Secondly, after having completed the preparation, candidates should take tests for final touch. Finally, in the examination hall, while attempting the paper, one should solve those questions in priority which the candidates know the answer very well then second, third and fourth. Dividing the time of each question is a key to success.
Abdul Latif Khan
5th position,
PMS competitive examination 2009/10

Reason about failing in English Paper.

Reason is quite obvious, as there is no set syllabus and book that could cover these two subjects, so candidates put the preparation of this subject on the back burner. As you can't learn to play cricket just by watching it on TV, similar is the case with English, you can't master this subject just by reading books. Unless you improve the English written expression by practising it, you will not be able to master it. At least dedicate two days a week exclusively for the English preparation. Don't cram five or six essays but try to be at home in writing essays on any topic.
1st in Pakistan, CSS Exam-2011
Dr. Fahad Mumtaz

CSS is an exam which demands smart study rather than extensive study. Choose your optional subjects very intelligently depending on your aptitude and keeping in view their scoring potential. Do not read too many books for a single subject but select one or two quality books. Instead of cramming, just try to develop the general understanding of the issues. Compartmentalise your study plan and do not focus too much on one subject at the cost of others.
1st in Pakistan, CSS Exam-2011
Dr. Fahad Mumtaz

Check past papers first. Then go for “Text Books” that are recommended by the FPSC. Select any book which covers maximum of the questions or chapters that are repeated in the last 10 years. This gives an idea of what to prepare and what not to. Make long notes first and then (for the last night study before CSS papers) make shorter notes in the form of outlines of the notes which you made from the text book. No doubt, making notes is a time consuming process but at the end you are the one to be benefited.
Sahibzada Najeebullah,
PAS 1st position in Balochistan CSS 2011

To me it is the firm commitment, persistent hard work and consistent dedication to study. Higher the level of commitment, higher is the ratio of success. One must be clear in making up the decision and study wholeheartedly without bearing any 'ifs and buts' in mind. Once the decision is made, cling to it steadfastly, devote yourself to the studies, consult standard books written by the renowned authors, analysts and historians, seek guidance of competent teachers both for the compulsory and optional subjects and above all have faith in Allah and in your abilities. CSS exam is just like other exams that are conducted in Pakistan at various levels. It is neither super difficult nor impossible to qualify. But it does definitely test one's will power, levels of endurance, commitment and tireless efforts.
Quratulain Malik CSS 2010,
PAS (Pakistan Administrative Service) Former DMG

What makes you different from rest of the aspirants is paper presentation i.e. organized thoughts in a well mannered pattern that catches maximum attraction of the examiner. In fact, those three hours spent in examination hall make the difference because if you hold your nerves, you will become the winner as “CSS is the game of nerves testing.”
One should devise a timetable that suits the mood. Remember whatever schedule is followed for preparation; make sure that the optional subjects will give you an edge over rest of the candidates
Sahibzada Najeebullah,
PAS 1st position in Balochistan CSS 2011

I think presentation of the paper is the most important element for getting higher marks. There are a number of techniques, but one must try to present oneself different from others. For the best presentation, I would suggest that:

.Draw maps and charts, if needed
.Do incorporate relevant data, facts, and figures in the answers
.Do give brief outline answer with a marker
.Do add as much quotations as possible and always write quotations with markers
.One should not deviate from the statement of the question( what is asked)
.Always write effective paragraphs
Dildar Ali Abro Foreign Service of Pakistan,
(FSP) CSS-2009

How should a candidate answer a question when asked by the FPSC members?

The first step is to acknowledge the question – to give the panel a signal that you have understood their question. Then the candidate should be candid and honest in his reply. He should neither get emotional nor get swept away by the topic. His points should be pertinent, brief and concise. Usually, the panel doesn't let candidates go on a long rant and in trying to do so the candidates fail to hit the nail and end up just beating about the bush. The candidates must know that dropping a question is not an embarrassing thing to do.
Husham Ahmed Cheema
Interview Topper
Foreign Service of Pakistan 38th Common

Following are essential steps to qualify CSS:

1. Right combination of optional subjects
2. Knowing the art of attempting paper
3. Knowing the art of studying i-e taking maximum output from minimum time and recourses.
4. Proper assessment of progress of study
5. Proper and professional assessment of essays and answers of other papers.
6. Last minute quick reversion notes.
ASP SYED FIDA HUSSAIN
CSS TOPPER 2006

I would like to suggest all the aspirants of CSS that they should:

.Write in clean and correct language
.Avoid spelling and grammar mistakes
.Analysis in the correct dimension pays good marks
.Try to get access to foreign books and do quote them while giving answer
.Please do not misuse the paper, use it properly because it creates negative impact
Zain-ul-Abideen Ansari

English essay and composition are two crucial papers of CSS because majority of the candidates flung in these two papers. Here, I want to share some points by which I prepared my essay and composition papers, these are as follows:

Requirements of essay
Good in English grammar
Usage of simple English words
Correct usage of punctuation marks
Mature thoughts
Extraction of material for essay from multiple resources
Daily practice of writing at least three hours should be reserved for essay writing and get it checked by a subject specialist.

Requirements of composition paper
Good at grammar
Grip on English words, idioms and phrases.
Daily practice of précis writing
Mature and attractive sentences of pair of words and idioms
Do solve the previous papers

Continuous writing practice not only enabled me to express my thoughts in a clear way but also improved my English. Hence, writing on different topics taught me how to impress the examiner.
Abdullah Memon
(PSP) – 1st in Sindh CSS-2010

Getting information or knowledge from the books and giving answers in examination are two very different things. Each must be dealt with differently. The candidates have to learn the art of examinations by taking pre-exam tests.

In fact, for both written and interview, one should be very expressive. Your answers should not reflect a general or readymade opinion but your understanding and analysis of things along with your viewpoint. Candidates must write to the point. Don’t go for unnecessary details and introductions. In addition, one must manage the time and his ability of writing that how much one can write on any particular topic in the given time. As far as interview is concerned, being original and acting as one’s own self are the keys for good marks.

Moreover, in interview one must be confident even if one does not know the answer, simply say, “Sorry”, instead of giving an illogical answer. Remember everyone does not know everything. Lastly, one must have good knowledge about their optional subjects and convincing arguments for the desired groups which they prioritised as top three.
Foreign Service of Pakistan (FSP) 38th Common, CSS-2009
Saeed Rehman

Compulsory paper of 'English' in PCS exam is easier than CSS because there is only one paper which includes both essay and composition. If one is weak in essay than composition part can be helpful and vice versa. Candidates should work out effectively on sentence structure, punctuation and technique of essay writing for this paper along with extensive practice of précis writing.
Dr Mohammad Yasir Bazai
First position in PCS-2010, (Balochistan)

Give proper and equal time to each question. First thoroughly read the question and divide it in parts then attempt it accordingly.

It is handy to give a brief outline of every question before attempting full answer. This technique shows the examiner that the student knows the answer and he/she is hitting it directly. Make intelligent use of blue pen and black marker to create a good impact.
Ali Waseem
1st Position
PMS Competitive Examination 2009/10

A second division at graduation level and determination are the foremost pre-requisites for the CSS. First of all, one should consciously select the optional subjects and in my opinion guidance is inevitable for subject selection because high score in one or two optional subjects will take you towards your desired group.
Secondly, one must improve one’s writing skill in English because it is the fundamental requirement for written part of the CSS exam.

Moreover, candidates must have a good collection of quotations on a wide range of topics that will adorn their written presentation. As far as précis, comprehension and expansion are concerned the best remedy for all is extensive practice.
Foreign Service of Pakistan (FSP) 38th Common, CSS-2009
Saeed Rehman

Candidates should practice as much as they can and be well read. Since writing expression matters it would be beneficial for the candidates to work on that.

Looking broadly at the CSS exam, over time, it has evolved and candidates should too. It is no longer an exam of how good you are at rote learning; instead, it is an exam of your personality and nerves. Those who have given the exam recently can vouch for that. So most importantly, in order to be differentiated, candidates should work towards being informed, critical, and opinionated.
Mir Reza Ozgen 2nd Position,
in CSS-2011.

Passing a CSS exam is a big achievement. Preparation must be initiated with utmost motivation and dedication particularly by those candidates who do not possess strong academic background. Performance judgment through self-assessment and accomplishment of little tasks in time always proves positive. Similarly, command over English language, grip on analytical writing and art of presenting the thoughts nicely in oral exam will lead you to the excellence. In fact, three-hour paper time carries more weightage than three years of preparation. Thus, CSS needs passion and perseverance.
Ameer Fazal (PAS)
2nd Position in Sindh, 2011

I strongly recommend taking coaching classes from professional senior English teachers who have vast experience in teaching CSS candidates. I don't recommend taking guidelines even from CSP fellows because no one has complete command over English like the English teachers have. Extensive writing and reading can improve your English skills as there is no short-cut to it.
Dr. Zeeshan, PAS,
20th Position CSS-2011

Writing crammed sentences may not create much difference. Aspirants more or less consult same sources/books/notes for preparation and if they just write the crammed wording, examiner might not get impressed as many other candidates would be writing the same. Aspirants should remember the main points/ideas of the question and try to write this in their own words. Presentation also does matter. Aspirants should facilitate the examiner by writing neatly with appropriate space between the words and lines. Do include important statistics/facts and figures, quotations etc. wherever applicable.
Muhammad Usman Khalid
(PAS) 22nd CSS-2011

Work hard; because it does not mean taking more books beyond your capacity to read; it means selecting one or maximum two good books for each subject is enough. Go through and then revise them as well. I think every hopeful should first of all choose the optional subjects wisely, instead of just running after "scoring" subjects as the trend changes every year. In fact, they should opt subjects in which they have a genuine interest. I took psychology but then I took IR as well and neither of the choices was made because of scoring trends since everybody knows that IR is not scoring at all and I even did not know that psychology was a scoring subject then. Secondly please do go through from past papers since I found them the most useful guide in my preparation for the CSS.
Saba Asghar Ali CSS
3rd, 2011 (PAS)

The best strategy to make a difference is the effective time management and three P's i.e. preparation, practice and precision. Careful selection of optional subjects, constant evaluation of writing standard, guidance and suggestions from seniors and determination coupled with self-confidence are imperative as well. Just focus on your goal and don't care of the competition.
Javed Nabi Khoso
3rd in Sindh
(Rural) CSS-2011


Proper guidance is always needed but the candidate has to be self-reliant. The aspirant should not indulge in intricate details; instead they should focus on major aspects related to the exam. Jahangir's World Times is a very good source of first-hand knowledge for CSS and it plays the role of a guide. It has few unique features which make it suitable for the aspirants, like easy language, elucidation of ideas, credibility and relevance of the material with the main area in focus.

Dr Anoosh Masood Chaudhry

PSP 34th-2011


Proper guidance is always needed but the candidate has to be self-reliant. The aspirant should not indulge in intricate details; instead they should focus on major aspects related to the exam. Jahangir's World Times is a very good source of first-hand knowledge for CSS and it plays the role of a guide. It has few unique features which make it suitable for the aspirants, like easy language, elucidation of ideas, credibility and relevance of the material with the main area in focus.

Dr Anoosh Masood Chaudhry

PSP 34th-2011



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