Articles by "English"
Twitter Facebook

An analytical or analysis essay is one that analyzes, that is, interprets or examines something. There are several different kinds of analytical essay including cause and effect, description, literary analysis, and process analysis.

Cause and Effect

A cause and effect essay examines or interprets the causes or effects of a situation. In this kind of essay, you may start from a known result or situation and examine what brought about that result. For example, it is known and observable that the sky appears blue, so you could write about why that sky appears blue, what causes it. Or, a cause and effect essay might begin from a known situation and then examine the effects of that situation. For example, intensive agriculture uses enormous amounts of fertilizer, so you could write about the effects of fertilizer that runs off farmland when it rains.

Description

Some essays do nothing but describe. To describe something in an essay, it's a good idea to use some of the same techniques as you would use in creative writing. Make use of all five senses: how does a thing look, feel, taste, smell, and sound? Note those small, unique details that really enable a reader to see what it is about the thing you are describing that makes it different from other things like it. Descriptive essays can easily slip over the dividing line between something you have to write for school and a true piece of creative non-fiction.

Don't forget, though, that clarity and accuracy are important, so stay away from abstraction as much as possible. And remember that the techniques of the descriptive essay are useful in other essay types, as well. How can you analyze something without a quick description of it, at least?

Twitter Facebook

1. RELIGION

  1. Art and Religion (1971)
  2. Relevance of Islam to Science (1972)
  3. Iqbal's Reinterpretation of Islam (1973)
  4. Religion and Science (1978)
  5. Islam and Democracy (1980)
  6. The Influence of Religion on Civilization (1981)
  7. Role of Zakat in Society Building (1982)
  8. Value of Faith in a Computerized World (1983)
  9. National Dynamism and Islamic Internationalism (1983)
  10. Islam as a Religion of Universal Love and Peace (1984)
  11. Pakistan and the Muslim World (1984)
  12. Example of the Holy Prophet Mohammad, Peace Be Upon Him, As a Perfect Human Being, Soldier and Administrator (1985)
  13. Pakistan's Achievements Towards Islamisation (1985)
  14. Muslim Ummah at the Cross-Road (1987)
  15. Islam and Women (1989)
  16. Religious Toleration (1991)
  17. Muslim Perception of the West, And the Western Perception of Islam (1997)
  18. Pakistan as Leader of the Islamic World in 21st Century (1998)
  19. Renaissance in the Muslim World: Prospects and Perils (1999)
  20. Pluralistic Vision of Islam (2004)
  21. Islam Versus the West (2005)
  22. The Image of Islam in the Western World and Responsibilities of the Muslim Ummah (2007)
  23. Peace - The Essential Message of Our Religion (2008)
  24. Status of Women in Islam (2009)
  25. Religion Has Done More Harm Than Help to Human Relations in the World (2010)
Twitter Facebook

 How you can write impressive essays in English.I am here to share comprehensive discussion about various types of English Essay and English Essay writing skills.

An essay is a short piece of writing that discusses, describes or analyzes one topic. It can discuss a subject directly or indirectly, seriously or humorously. It can describe personal opinion, or just report information. Essays are written for different purposes and for different occasions. Whether your purpose is to appear in a competitive win a scholarship, get enrolled in university, analyze the latest events or write for college, here you will be able to find the detailed information on any essay type you need. There are many types of essays divided into many categories and kinds. So one can not limit the types of essay into numeric form, but the important point to be noted is no matter how you classify the types of essay the fundamental theme remains constant.

Admission Essay: Admission Essays are used to learn more about your reasons for applying to the course or university and your contribution to it. Your answers will let you state your case more effectively than other parts of the application. Admission Essay

Scholarship Essay: The most important aspect of your scholarship essay is the subject matter. You should expect to devote about 1-2 weeks simply to brainstorming ideas. Scholarship Essay

Personal Essay: The written expression of your qualities as an applicant will often be a very important way for committee members to get to know why you are an acceptable candidate for their program. Personal Essay

Argumentative Essay: The function of an argumentative essay is to show that your assertion (opinion, theory, hypothesis) about some phenomenon or phenomena is correct or more truthful than others'. Argumentative Essay

Cause and Effect Essay: Cause and effect essays are concerned with why things happen (causes) and what happens as a result (effects). Cause and effect is a common method of organizing and discussing ideas. Cause and Effect Essay

Narrative Essay: As a mode of expository writing, the narrative approach, more than any other, offers writers a chance to think and write about themselves.Cause and Effect Essay

Five-Paragraph Essay: The introductory paragraph should also include the thesis statement, a kind of mini-outline for the essay. Five-Paragraph Essay

Critical Essay: The word "critical" has positive as well as negative meanings. You can write a critical essay that agrees entirely with the reading. The word "critical" describes your attitude when you read the article. Critical Essay

Comparison Essay: To write a comparison or contrast essay that is easy to follow, first decide what the similarities or differences are by writing lists on scrap paper. Comparison Essay

Twitter Facebook

Past Papers of  English 10th Class Gujranwala Board 2015 Group-II
GUJRANWALA BOARD 2015 10TH CLASS PAST PAPER
ENGLISH (Objective Type)

 Time Allowed: 20 Minutes GROUP-II Max. Marks: 19

Note: Four possible answers A, B, C and D to each question are given. The choice which you think is correct, fill that circle in front of that question with Marker or Pen ink in the answer-book. Cutting or filling two or more circles will result in zero mark in that question.
10th CLASS GUJRANWALA BOARD 2015
ENGLISH (COMPULSORY) GROUP-II (OBJECTIVE TYPE)
TIME ALLOWED: 20 MINUTES MAX. MARKS: 19
NOTE: Four possible answers A, B, C and D to each question are given. The choice which you think is correct, fill that circle in front of that question with marker or pen ink. Cutting or filling two or more circles will result in zero mark in that question.
1. I am not my time.
(A) waste
(B) wasted
(C) wasting
(D) have wasted

2. They their exercise by the time, the teacher arrives.
(A) wrote 
(B) writes
(C) is writing
(D) will have written

3. She taking this medicine by March next.
(A) stopped
(B) stops
(C) will have stopped
(D) had stopped

4. Sehrish a speech today.
(A) made
(B) makes
(C) is making
(D) make 

5. The book on the table for many weeks.
(A) lie
(B) has been lying
(C) is lying
(D) lying

Choose the word with correct spelling and fill up the bubbles sheet; 
6. (A) efective
(B) effective
(C) effactive
(D) affactive

7. (A)pozitive
(B) positive
(C) posetive
(D) pasetive

8. (A) coople
(B) cauple
(C) couple
(D) kauple

9. (A) spinning
(B) spaning
(C) spenning
(D) spining

Choose the correct option and fill up the bubbles sheet: 
10. The antonym of “mighty” is .
(A) grand
(B) strong
(C) powerful
(D) weak 

11. The developing positive outlook has given the author the motivation he need to become_____.
(A) famous
(B) wealthy
(C) successful
(D) winner

12. The man had been sent with other convicts to Australia, the underlined word means _____.
(A) prisoners
(B) delegation
(C) team 
(D) messenger

13. The synonym of “culprit” is_____.
(A) innocent
(B) offender
(C) honest
(D) intelligent

14. Envelopes are not to be opened until.
(A) the giver has left the home of the recipient
(B) the recipient has left the home of the giver
(C) the giver has gone to sleep
(D) the giver did not allow   

Choose the correct option according to the grammar and fill up the bubbles sheet:
15. He is famous for his bravery. The underlined word is a/an noun.
(A) material
(B) proper
(C) abstract
(D) common

16. He had all the money in the world he was sad.
(A) yet
(B) but
(C) still
(D) if

17. The watchman blew his whistle. The underlined word is a/an .
(A) transitive verb
(B) regular verb
(C) intransitive verb
(D) not a verb

18. Have you got anything   these poor women could take for their children? Choose the correct relative pronoun.
(A) which
(B) that
(C) whom
(D) what

19. Didn’t you see the sign? You   drive at more than 30 miles an hour.
(A) cannot
(B) may not
(C) must not
(D) should not

Past Papers of English 10th Class BISE Gujranwala 2015
ENGLISH (COMPULSORY) Time Allowed: 2:10 Hour
(ESSAY TYPE) GROUP-II Max. Marks: 56

SECTION - I

NOTE: Write same equations number and its part number on answer book, as given in the equation paper.
2. Write short answers to any FIVE of the following questions. 2x5=10
(i) How can people achieve perfection in the moral, spiritual and social areas of life?
(ii) When does Chinese New Year start?
(iii) Internet has brought people closer. How?
(iv) How is a newspaper is more convenient medium of news?
(v) What has the writer gained from his summer jobs’ experiences?
(vi) What role can media play in bringing harmony in the society?
(vii) How can career counselors help the young people?
(viii) What kind of boy was Pip?

SECTION - II

3. Translate the following paragraph into Urdu (8)
Prior to the first day of the New Year it is customary for families to thoroughly clean their houses. Doing this is said to clear out any bad luck from the previous year and to make the houses ready to accept good luck for the coming year. All cleaning must be finished before New Year’s Day so there is no chance of accidentally throwing out the good fortune of the New Year. Wearing black is not allowed due to its association with death.
ALTERNATE QUESTION FOR FOREIGN/ENGLISH MEDIUM CANDIDATES
Re-write the above paragraph into simple English:

 4. Write down the summary of the poem “The Rain” by W.H. Davies. OR (5)
Paraphrase the following lines into simple English with reference to the context:
Then your courage should appear;
For if you will preserve, You will conquer, never fear,

 5. Write an essay of 150-200 words on any one of the following topics. 15
(a) My Last Day at School
(B) My House
(C) A Cricket Match

 Write a paragraph of 100-150 words on any one of the following topics 5
(a) Girl Guides
(B) My Neighbour
(C) A Road Accident

 6. Change any five of the following sentences into indirect form 5
(i) He said, “I am not a thief.”
(ii) He said, “Do you have any share in this firm?”
(iii) He said, “what do you want me to do?”
(iv) She said to me, “Tell the truth.”
(v) Roshana said, “Let us finish our work first.”
(vi) The mother said to her daughter “Please tidy up your room”
(vii) She said, “How well she sings!”
(viii) He said, “Alas! I am ruined.”

 7. Use any five of the following pairs of words in your own sentences. 5 x 1 = (5)
(i) waste, waist (ii) role, roll (iii) prophet, profit . (iv) loose, lose
(v) feet, feat (vi) cell, sell (vii) beside, besides (viii) advice, advise
8. Translate the following the following paragraph into English. 10
والدین کی عزت کرنا ہمارا اخلاقی فرض ہے۔ وہ ہمارا بہت خیال رکھتے ہیں۔ وہ ہمیں خوراک دیتے ہیں۔ وہ ہمیں لباس دیتے ہیں۔ وہ ہمیں تمام چیزیں مہیا کرتے ہیں جن کی ہمیں ضرورت ہوتی ہے۔ وہ ہمیں سکول بھیجتے ہیں تاکہ ہم تعلیم حاصل کرنے کے بعد ان کی خدمت کریں اس سے ہمیں راحت ملے گی۔

Twitter Facebook

Past Papers of  English 10th Class Gujranwala Board 2015 Group-I
GUJRANWALA BOARD 2015 10TH CLASS PAST PAPER
ENGLISH (Objective Type)

 Time Allowed: 20 Minutes GROUP-I Max. Marks: 19

Note: Four possible answers A, B, C and D to each question are given. The choice which you think is correct, fill that circle in front of that question with Marker or Pen ink in the answer-book. Cutting or filling two or more circles will result in zero mark in that question.
1. You _____ it.
(A) understands
(B) will not understand
(C) understanding
(D) has understood

2. She had left before the party
(A) begin
(B) begun
(C) will begin
(D) began

3. He ______ to school everyday.
(A) go
(B) went
(C) going
(D) goes

4. It ______ at present.
(A) is raining
(B) rained
(C) rains
(D) has rained

5. How long ago did you ______ here?
(A) come
(B) came
(C) have come
(D) had come

Choose the word with correct spelling and fill up the bubbles sheet:

6. (A) infaction
(B) enfection
(C) infection
(D) unfection

7. (A) conflict
(B) canflict
(C) cunflect
(D) cenflect

8.  (A) earned
(B) eamd
(C) earmd
(D) earned

9. (A) bilieve
(B) believe
(C) belive
(D) believe

Choose the correct option and fill up the bubbles sheet: .
10. The synonym of “culprit” is .
(A) honest
(B) offender
(C) innocent
(D) gentle

11. Their ancestore killed a member of our family. The underlined word means.
(A) relatives
(B) forefathers
(C) successors
(D) partners

12. I feel ___ the poor.
(A) in
(B) to
(C)for
(D) of

13. But the point here is that it is not that convenient. The underlined word means.
(A) difficult
(B) good
(C) vital
(D) easy

14. The antonym of “mighty” is
(A) powerful
(B) strong
(C) grand
(D) weak

Choose the correct option according to the grammar and fill up the bubbles sheet:

15. The man complained that there was no bread. The underlined part of the sentence is
a/an _.
(A) relative clause
(B) dependent clause
(C) subordinate
(D) independent clause   

16. The room was full, so I had no place to sit.
It is a/an sentence.
(A) compound
(B) simple
(C) complex
(D) interrogative

17. Ali was impressed Sarmad’s grades.
(A) by.
(B) with
(C) for
(D) at

18. Maria fell over the cat. The underlined phrase is a/an
(A) prepositional phrase
(B) gerund phrase
(C) infinitive phrase
(D) noun phrase

19. The watchman blew his whistle. The underlined word is a/an .
(A) intransitive verb
(B) transitive verb
(C) regular verb
(D) noun

Past Papers of English 10th Class BISE Gujranwala 2015
ENGLISH (COMPULSORY) Time Allowed: 2:10 Hour
(ESSAY TYPE) GROUP-I Max. Marks: 56

SECTION - I

2. Write short answers to any FIVE of the following questions. 2 x 5 = 10
(i) How can career counselors help the young people?
(ii) What changed Pip’s life?
(iii) What happened to the prisoner?
(iv) What is the limitation of improved technology?
(v) Why did the accusers forgive the villager?
(vi) How did the Holy Prophet (PBUH) set high and noble ideals for all mankind?
(vii) What can we learn from failure?
(viii) Why do some people read more than one newspapers?

SECTION - II

3. Translate the following paragraph into Urdu (8)
Every year is associated with one of the twelve animals of the Chinese zodiac. These animals are often represented in decorations. Some people believe that those bom during the year of a particular animal may have the character traits of that animal. ALTERNATE QUESTION FOR FOREIGN/ENGLISH MEDIUM CANDIDATES Re-write the above paragraph into simple English:

 4. Write down the summary of the poem “The Rain” by W.H. Davies. (5)
OR
Paraphrase the following lines into simple English with reference to the context:
I hear leaves drinking rain;
I hear rich leaves on top
This sweet nose to hear
These green leaves drinking near.
5. Write an essay of 150-200 words on any one of the following topics. 15
(a) Quaid-e-Azam
(B) A True Muslim
(C) A House on Fire
OR
Write a paragraph of 100-150 words on any one of the following topics 5
(a) A Road Accident
(B) Fashions
(C) My House

 6. Change any five of the following sentences into indirect form 5
(i) They say, “We have done our duty.”
(ii) He said, “Hurrah! I have won the medal.”
(iii) She said, “Is this your book?”
(iv) The judge said, “Call the next witness.”
(v) He said to her, “I live in this building.”
(vi) He said, “What do you want me to do?”
(vii) She said, “Would that my father were alive!”
(viii) She said, “May you prosper!”

 7. Use any five of the following pairs of words in your own sentences. 5 x 1 = (5)
(i) brake, break (ii) bale, bail (iii) affect, effect (iv) alter, altar
(v) except, accept (vi) loose, lose (vii) quiet, quite (viii) meet, meat.

 8. Translate the following the following paragraph into English. 10
یہ مکان ہے۔ جب ابا جی نے یہ مکان خریدا، میری عمر صرف پانچ سال تھی۔ دس برس سے میں اس مکان میں رہ رہا ہوں۔ ہمارا کنبہ بہت بڑا ہے لیکن یہ مکان بہت چھوٹا ہے۔ ابا جان کہتے ہیں کہ وہ اس مکان کو بیچ دیں گے اور ایک بڑا مکان گلبرگ میں خریدیں گے۔ مگر میں اس مکان کو چھوڑنا نہیں چاہتا۔ مجھے اس مکان سے محبت ہو گئی ہے۔
OR

ALTERNATE QUESTION FOR FOREIGN/ENGLISH MEDIUM CANDIDATES

Write TEN sentence about “Pakistani Women”
Twitter Facebook

Past Papers of  English 10th Class Lahore Board 2015 Group-II
LAHORE BOARD 2019 10TH CLASS PAST PAPER
ENGLISH (Objective Type)

 Time Allowed: 20 Minutes GROUP-II Max. Marks: 19

Note: Four possible answers A, B, C and D to each question are given. The choice which you think is correct, fill that circle in front of that question with Marker or Pen ink in the answer-book. Cutting or filling two or more circles will result in zero mark in that question.
1. I ____ her in the plane.
(A) meets
(B) has met
(C) are meeting
(D) met

2. The boys ____ their home task. .
(A) is doing
(B) was doing
(C) are doing
(D) does

3. She ____ hard for the competition.
(A) will work
(B) work
(C) are working
(D) have worked

4. I have already ____ the letters.
(A) post
(B) posting
(C) posts
(D) posted

5. She ____ her cat very much.
(A) love
(B) is love
(C) loves
(D) do not love

Choose the word with correct spelling and fill up the bubbles sheet;
6. (A) Surety
(B) Surty
(C) Surrty
(D) Shurty

7. (A) Defi
(B) Defy
(C) Dafy
(D) Dufy

8. (A) Enfaction
(B) Anfaciton
(C) Enfecshon
(D) Infection

9. (A) Contest
(B) Cantest
(C) Kontest
(D) Centest

Choose the correct option and fill up the bubbles sheet:
10. The synonym of “current is:
(A) dated
(B) up-to-date
(C) old
(D) fashion

11. He advised the most equitable plan for setting of the black stone, the underline words
 means:
(A) previleged
(B) reasonable
(C) law
(D) favourite

12. The antonym of “bright” is:
(A) dark
(B) brilliant
(C) clear
(D) shine

13. Thorough cleaning reduces the risk of ____:
(A) rash
(B) allergy
(C) antibiotic
(D) infection and tetanus

14. It made me feel ____. Which connotation is more negative?
(A) frightened
(B) brave
(C) cheap
(D) uneasy

Choose the correct option according to the grammar and fill up the bubbles sheet:,
15. ‘My friend gave me the book’. Choose the correct passive voice.
(A) I have been given the book by my friend.
(B) I am given the book by my friend.
(C) I were given the book by my friend.
(D) I was given the book by my friend.

16. ‘The room was full, so I had no place to sit’. It is a ____ sentence.
(A) Complex
(B) Compound
(C) Simple
(D) Easy

17. I would have been glad if he ____ me in the hospital.
(A) visit
(B) visited
(C) visits
(D) had visited

18. Why are you so sad? I have lost the pen ____ I bought this morning.
(A) what (B)that
(C) Whose
(D) Which

19.  All students ____ for prizes.
(A) competes
(B) compete
(C) is competing
(D) None of these

Past Papers of English 10th Class BISE Lahore 2015
ENGLISH (COMPULSORY) Time Allowed: 2:10 Hour
(ESSAY TYPE) GROUP-I Max. Marks: 56

(SECTION-1)

2. Answer any FIVE of the following questions: (10)
(i) What do the little red envelopes filled with money symbolize?
(ii) What should your first aid kid consist of?
(iii) What is one good thing about newspapers?
(iv) How do career counselors help you choose the right profession?
(v) Which career do you want to opt for? Give reasons.
(vi) What solution does the writer suggest to promote the habit of book-reading?
(vii) Who looked after Pip after the death of the parents?
(viii) Which areas are most affected by incessant growth in population?

(SECTION-II)

3. Translate into Urdu OR Re-write into simple English the following paragraph: (08)
Handling minor accidents at home or on the road develops a sense of crises management. This may prepare people to tackle with unexpected emergencies with great confidence. Minor cuts and scrapes usually do not need to go to the emergency room. Yet proper care is essential to ' avoid infection or other complications.

 4. Write down the summary of the poem “The Rain” by W.H. Davies. (05)
OR
Paraphrase the following lines into simple English with reference to the context:
But all of that is
Not its core, its center is in truth eternal stillness

 5. Write an essay of 150-200 words on any ONE of the following topics: (15)
(a) Life in a Big City. (b) A Hockey Match. (C) Courtesy
OR
Write a paragraph of 100-150 words on any ONE of the following topics:
(a) A River in Flood (b) My Neighbour (c) Fashions

 6. Change any FIVE of the following sentences into Indirect form; (05)
(i) He said to me, “What are you looking for?”
(ii) They said, “We have done our duty.”
(iii) He said, “Hurrah! We have won the match.”
(iv) She said to me, “Please lend me your camera for a day.”
(v) He said to his sister, “Please say something.”
(vi) She said to me, “Tell the truth.”
(vii) She said, “I am working hard.”
(viii) The judge said, “Have you anything more to say?”

 7. Use any FIVE of the following pairs of words in your own sentence:
(i) Berth, Birth (ii) Device, Devise (iii) Feet, Feat (iv) Healthy,Healthful
(v) Letter, Latter (vi) Profit, Prophet (vii) Role, Roll (viii) Team, Teem

8. Translate the following paragraph into English: (08)
انور میرا سب سے بہترن دوست ہے۔ اس کے والد ایک استاد ہیں۔ وہ بہت نیک اور ایماندار آدمی ہیں۔ انور ہمارے گھر کے قریب رہتا ہے۔ اس کا مکان بہت اچھا اورخوبصورت ہے۔ ہم اکٹھے سکول جاتے ہیں۔ شام کو میں اس کے گھر جاتا ہوں۔ ہم اکٹھے پڑھتے ہیں۔ وہ امتحان میں ہمیشہ اول آتا ہے۔ وہ صاف ستھرے کپڑے پہنتا ہے۔

Exclusively for candidates whose Medium of Examination is English (Question -8 Alternative to Urdu Translation) (08)
8. Write TEN Sentences about “Pakistani Women”.
Twitter Facebook

Past Papers of  English 10th Class Lahore Board 2015 Group-I
LAHORE BOARD 2019 10TH CLASS PAST PAPER
ENGLISH (Objective Type)

 Time Allowed: 15 Minutes GROUP-I Max. Marks: 19

Note: Four possible answers A, B, C and D to each question are given. The choice which you think is correct, fill that circle in front of that question with Marker or Pen ink in the answer-book. Cutting or filling two or more circles will result in zero mark in that question.
1. They already _____their home task.
(A) do
(B) did
(C) have done
(D) has done

2. I _______ a book when the bell rang.
(A) am reading
(B) was reading
(C)read
(D) will read

3. She _____ her examination by the next winter.
(A) took
(B) has taken
(C) takes
(D) will have taken

4. He ____ the tree daily.
(A) cut
(B) will cut
(C) cuts
(D) has cut

5. I _____ her in the plane yesterday
(A) met
(B) meet
(C) have met
(D) Will meet

Choose the word with correct spelling and fill up the bubbles sheet;
6. (A) Trends
(B) Trands
(C) Terands
(D) Trandes

7. (A) Recipient
(B) Recepient
(C) Reicepient
(D) Racipent

8. (A) Damise
(B) Deemise
(C) Demise
(D) Dimise

9. (A) Presure
(B) Pressur
(C) Pressure
(D) Pressure

Choose the correct option and fill up the bubbles sheet:
10. And when the sun come out after this rain shall stop. The underlined word means:
(A) Passes
(B) spreads
(C) appears
(D) hears

11. The antonym of "mighty” is:
(A) powerful
(B) strong
(C) grand
(D) weak

12. He does not care __  me,
(A) of
(B) for
(C) about
(D) from

13. But all that is not its core. The underlined word means:
(A) centre
(B) strong
(C) high
(D) temporary

14. The synonym of “foe” is:
(A) relative
(B) enemy
(C) friend
(D) companion

Choose the correct option according to the grammar and fill up the bubbles sheet:

15. It has been raining since morning. What tense is it?
(A) present continuous
(B) Present indefinite
(C) Present perfect continuous
(D) Present perfect

16. We are a good team. The underlined word is a / an:
(A) Relative pronoun
(B) Indefinite pronoun
(C) Reflexive pronoun
(D) Personal pronoun

17. He worked hard because he did not wish to fail. It is a / an sentence.
(A) Complex
(B) Simple
(C) Interrogative
(D) Compound

18. I have always disliked smoking. The underlined word is a /an:
(A) Verb
(B) Gerund
(C) Infinitive
(D) Participle

19. The revenge of the father cannot be taken on his son. The underlined word is a / an:
(A) Abstract noun
(B) Material noun
(C) Concrete noun
(D) Collective noun

Past Papers of English 10th Class BISE Lahore 2015
ENGLISH Time Allowed: 2:10 Hour
(SUBJECTIVE TYPE) GROUP-I Max. Marks: 56

(SECTION-1)

2. Answer any FIVE of the following questions: (10)
(i) What made non-Muslims bring their suits to the Holy Prophet (SAW)?
(ii) What should your first aid kit consist of?
(iii) What do decorations on doors and windows symbolize?
(iv) What will happen after the rain stops?
(v) What is one good thing about newspapers?
(vi) How can career counselors help the young people?
(vii) Can modem technology take the place of books?
(viii) Who was Joe? How did he treat Pip?

(SECTION-II)

3. Translate into Urdu OR Re-write into simple English the following paragraph: (08)
The story begins when Pip was. a lonely orphan. He was brought up by his sister. She was very strict and hard with him. His best friend was Joe, his sister’s husband. He was kind and warm-hearted. He loved Pips as if he were his own son.

4. Write down the summary of the poem “Peace” by Dr. Hartmann. (05)
OR
Paraphrase the following lines into simple English with reference to the context: All that other folk can do, -
Why with patience should not you? Only keep this rule in view,

 5. Write an essay of 150-200 words on any ONE of the following topics: (15)
(a) A True Muslim (b) My House (C) Village life OR
Write a paragraph of 100-150 words on any ONE of the following topics:
(a) A river in Flood(b) My School (c) Fashions

6. Change any FIVE of the following sentences into Indirect form; (05)
(i) He said, “She will go there.”
(ii) Ali said, “I am not a thief.”
(iii) She said to them, “Let us not deceive ourselves.”
(iv) The judge said, “Have you anything more to say?”
(v) He said to me, “What are you looking for?”
(vi) The manager said, “How do you propose to solve this problem?”
(vii) He said, “The rain fell last night.”
(viii) He said, “How well she sings!”
7. Use any FIVE of the following pairs of words in your own sentence:
(i) Advice, Advise (ii) Bale, Bail (iii) Cool, Cold (iv) Dew, Due
(v) Scene, Seen (vi) Urbane, Urban (vii) Pray, Prey (viii) Idle, Idol

8. Translate the following paragraph into English: (08)
انور میرا سب سے بہترین دوست ہے۔ اس کے والد ایک استاد ہیں۔ وہ بہت نیک ار ایماندار آدمی ہیں۔ انور ہمارے گھر کے قریب رہتا ہے۔ اس کا مکان بہت اچھا اور خوبصورت ہے۔ ہم اکٹھے سکول جاتے ہیں۔ شام کو میں اس کے گھر جاتا ہوں۔ ہم اکٹھے پڑھتے ہیں۔ وہ امتحان میں ہمیشہ اول آتا ہے۔ وہ صاف ستھرے کپڑے پہنتا ہے۔

Exclusively for candidates whose Medium of Examination is English (Question -8 Alternative to Urdu Translation) (08)
8. Write TEN Sentences about “A Road Accident”.

Twitter Facebook

MAN DOES NOT LIVE BY BREAD ALONE

CSS English Essay

Outline:

  • Man a combination of soul and body
  • Body's requirements
  • Man's greediness
  • The virtue of contentment
  • The thirst for knowledge. the strongest impulse in man
  • The real aim of a scientist
  • Man's interest in arts and literature
  • The head of a family bread winner and the relation of love
  • Emotions, intelligence forming the basis of man's character
  • Man's sacrifices for ideal, religion and country
  • The limitation of this maxim A balanced attitude


It is a reference from, the Holy Bible, according to which man needs many more things tor his living apart from bread

Although man has certainly a soul, yet we must remember that the soul does .not live apart from the body,- The body requires food and comfort, and the mind is inseparably connected with the 1 body. It is because man requires food (and also clothing and many other things) that he is. alway s eager to earn money with which he purchases commodities. Man is always engaged in the pursuit of wealth. It seems that if he can have enough money, he will have material com forts, and these will make him happy.

Most of us live in want, and therefore, it is natural for us to think that if we can satisfy our physical needs, we shall, be happy. But a little reflection will make it, clear that this is a one-sided view of human life. If we go on satisfying our wants, we shall find that the satisfaction of one need does not bring contentment, it only creates new and ever new needs. From bullock carts we came to carriages, from carriages to trains and from trains to motors and aeroplanes. Still the hunger for more and more comfortable conveyance will continue. This is true of every other amenity of life. First we satisfy our needs, and then we want luxuries and of luxuries there is no end.

The problem is not solved if man is contented with little. If he lives on what he can get easily, his time will not be taken up with.

the quest for wealth. Then too, he must have something else to live for Bread-winning cannot be a major occupation for him. He roust have other pursuits, other interests if he has to live at all.

The fact  is that although man has a body which requires to be fed. he also has a mind that has needs and desires, that are not always connected with hunger or love for pleasure. Man does require bread and ‘other material things, but they constitute only a part of his life. He does not need these alone. The thirst for knowledge, which some people consider the strongest impulse in man, is independent of the desire for'comfort although knowledge gives us power and thus improves our material circumstances. "Science has added immeasurably to man's comforts and conveniences, but the great scientist - Galileo or Newton or Einstein - pursues science out of a disinterested love for knowledge, and the application of science to improve material conditions is for him only a by-product. .

What is true of science is more true of arts and literature, which, from .material" point of view, are useless or worse than useless. 'Age' after, age, jnan has delighted in poetry, he has sung songs and painted pictures and found ineffable joy in these activities. He has interested him self in those activities not because They have helped him to earn his bread - sometimes they, have done the opposite - but because he has imagination and because his life of emotions has appeared to him to be as important as his physical life. His intellect has taken, him, to science. and philosophy, and his imagination and his eruptions have found expression in art and literature.

Most men are. neither scientists nor philosophers, neither poets nor artists. But they, too, have a rich fund of emotions which play the most important part in their lives. The head of a family is called the bread-winner: superficially his most important function is to earn the wherewithal to feed his wife and children. But the relationship is not merely that of a bread-winner and his dependents. . It is relation of love and affection, and it is because of this relation that he faces thedo.il of earning, his Livelihood and theirs. It is on our loves and attachments, our jealousies and hatreds that the life of us all is centred it is from this storehouse of emotions that we all derive sustenance. A few men Commit suicide when they cannot find food, but most, side ides out of some sorrow or disappointment.

It is emotions and our intelligence that form the basis of man's character, and unoften it is found that character is stronger than the urge of material needs. Men in all ages have made great sacrifices for an ideal religion, patriotism or some oilier things which was proved stronger than the desire for food and the attachment to material things. All men do not make such large sacrifices, but even, man at some moment or other feels that there arc principles and causes that are superior to the claims of physical well being, that there arc nobler things than bread. Bread winning may take most of his time; but it does not absorb the whole of his being. Although he may not be able to live up to the ideal, he knows that the ideal exists, and it is this consciousness that really makes, a man of him.

In the sordid struggle of life it is good to, remember now and then that man does, not live by bread alone. But we should not exaggerate the value of the saying. Generally men who have not only bread but also Cakes, who live in comfort and luxury teach the poor that man does not live by bread alone. The poor man who cannot find two meals a day knows how necessary bread is to life. It is comfortable? life that gives main the health and leisure to enjoy' the delicacies of emotion or the subtler beauties of poetry and fine arts. Man docs, not indeed, live by bread alone. But he requires bread if he has to live at all. No amount of poetry or philosophy can pass over the hard realities of life. Man's primary right is the right to live, which is also the right to cat. and then only,can he think of the nobler aspects of life.

Twitter Facebook

THE FACE IS AN INDEX OF CHARACTER

CSS English Essay

Outline:

  • Character forms faces
  • Faces are sometimes deceptive it first sight
  • The art of reading faces

A man's face, if we can read it aright, is generally an index to his character. We can tell what sort of man he is by the expression of his countenance, as we can tell the spices of a shell fish by its shell: for as a shell fish secretes its shell, so the sou! secretes its physical face. It is we ourselves who make our faces: and we make them gradually and unconsciously and to express our inner character. Character is simply the sum total of confirmed habits; and as a habit is formed, it slowly writes its characteristic mark on the face, and gives its own look to the eyes. It is harder to read character in the faces of young unformed children than in the faces of grow up men and women, though one can often detect meanness or frankness even in the face of a child; but the older people get. and the more fixed their habits, the easier it becomes to tel! what sort of people they art from their faces.

There are certain kinds of faces which almost anyone can read. The character is written in capitals on the face. You cannot mistake the red and bloated face of the drunkard, the pride in the face of the arrogant, the crafty look in the eyes of the sneak. But it Takes a trained and careful observer to read some faces, for some clever people can make their faces like masks to hide their real selves. The word "hypocrite" literally means actor; and as an actor can make up his face so as to appear on the stage a different person, so can a hypocrite. A false hearted man may have an apparently frank and open face: cruel man may wear a deceptively kindly smile; a rogue may look very honest sight. As Hamlet says. "A man may smile and smile, and be a villain." A member once being introduced to an old gentleman of most benign aspect', who appeared to be a benevolent' and almost saintly old man: yet i knew he had been guilty of several rumless and deliberate crimes!.

But the face has always something that will betray such, hypocrites to an acute observer; especially in the most expressive features, the eyes and the mouth. A look in the eyes, the way in which he shapes .his mouth, may betray the hidden meanness, cruelty, craftiness or selfishness that lurk behind the friendly smile and the frank look. Certain it is that dishonesty, lust and cruelty, honesty, purity and kindness., all, leave indelible mark on the face.
Twitter Facebook

THE FACE IS AN INDEX TO THE MIND

CSS English Essay

Outline:

  • Face reflecting the characteristics
  • The different expressions of a child's and younger's faces
  • Man's inability to hide his emotions
  • Faces are highly trained become a complete mask in politics
  • The usefulness of hiding the emotion in emergencies
  • A certain minimum of pretentiousness. necessary to move in society
  • Fits of depression difficult to hide
  • "One may smile, and smile, and be a villain." Hamlet
It is one of the afflictions of a lonely life to find one's thoughts occasionally a little too insistent. I pass a good deal of my time in reading books and now and then my servant can judge from my face whether the book I am reading is happy or gloomy. For one's thoughts flit across the mind, the face reflects their characteristics. Often, as one reads Voltaire, one breaks out into a guffaw, or puts the book aside and stares into space revolving in his mind Voltaire's thoughts and wondering at his wit and clear headedness.

The face always reflects the mind amongst children. the young and sincere persons. A child is the most egotistical of creatures but he makes no effort to hide his egoism, I 'know of a child who began to cry loudly when his mother paid any attention to his father, because the child thought that the mother belonged to him. and the father had no right to share her with hint. Youth is the period when emotions work havoc with us. and they are so powerful that no effort of will can entirely control them. It is also the period when we fall in love. Lovers arc so absorbed in their ownselves or in each other, that they think other human being do not exist, and tend to ignore them. Nothing can hide love. I remember a scene in Piccadilly when two lovers were going arm in arm and billing and cooing to each other as if they were upon the desert island of Robinson Crusoe.

entirely oblivious of the rest of the world. School boys can read each other's thoughts like a book.

Youth passes and a time comes when we begin to hide Our , emotions. Life is cruel and brings with it crosses, disappointments and failures. The sensitive man tries to hide his disappointments from the rest of the world. He does not crave for sympathy but for fortitude. He tries to make his face into a mask though not always successfully.

No man knew how to suffer so patiently as Spinoza., He sought consolation only in himself, and the only suffering that affected him was that of others. He know better than ancone the excesses of which men are capable, and yet when the Dutch mob tore De Witt to pieces, he could not restrain himself from shuddering at the cruel sight and shed tears. Even Spinoza, so used to mastering the 'troubles of the soul could not make his face into a complete mask.

There are certain professions in life in which it is essential that the face should be trained to become a complete mask. These are low politics and diplomacy The Prince of Wales used to shake hands with hundreds of people every week, and to each he had to give the impression that he was personally interested in him. At a prize giving function the guest of the evening must be bored, stiff with the speeches that he hears, and the prizes that he distributes, yet he must keep a cheerful expression and show that he is enjoying himself. The advocate sometime knows that his client's case is weak, yet he has to cross-examine the witnesses with great apparent 0 to show that he is engaged in a just plaint. As for politicians there are . few who are not opportunists.'Take for instance our party leaders.

Ulema's and religious leaders these days. They can work the mob up into work a fury of fervour and make them do almost anything. When the police or the troops open fire on the law breaking mob; the leaders are nowhere in sight. Yet they profess to work in the’ interests of the masses. Their faces are such mask that not a single character. In diplomacy one has to negotiate with one's enemy at the same table silting like the best of friends. It was of people of this type that I lamlet said: “One may smile, and smile, and be a villain."

Having control of one's features, not allowing the face to index the mind, is useful in emergencies. In a great disaster, like the Earthquake (8th October 2005). those who were doing the salvage work, had to appear calm, and optimistic, though the vultures of anxiety for their dear ones may have been tearing their hearts.

A certain minimum of hypocrisy is necessary in order to move in society. The face must be trained to those emotions only which we want it to show, not those that are actually in our mind. If I meet a man on the Mall and he tells me that the uncle of his brother-in-law's wife has caught a cold. I must at once pull a long face and as piously that I hope, he will soon get over it. We have to train our face to reflect the emotions of those Whom we meet every day. otherwise social intercourse will be impossible.

The hardest to hide and overcome are fits of depression. The face refuse to obey the will and the blues will be out. We poor, single men are rather handicapped in such a situation. Married men bully their wives, grumble at the dinner and insist on the children's going to bed. All of which creating as it does, a good deal of disturbance in the house, is a great relief to the feelings of the man in the blues. But the bachelor can only read poetry, sit in the dark, and think what a hollow world this is.

Yet there are occasions when the face must show the heart bidding long farewell to a friend at the railway station, or reading the news that an article of yours has been accepted by the press. Self-restraint on these occasions is not worth much. There is no harm in allowing the emotions to have a little pay now and then, because the saddest spectacle on earth is a man who has killed his feelings.

A good story has come from the First World War 1914-1918. Two men were facing machine-gun fire and the face of one was pale. The other said "You are afraid.” The first man replied "Yes. I am But if you were half as afraid as I am you would have run away. This shows that the face is not always a good index of the mind. Sometimes when we go to. some one to ask fora favour and he receives us stonily and says. "I will see what I can do about it” we wish his face showed more of his thought.
Twitter Facebook

A LITTLE KNOWLEDGE IS A DANGEROUS THING

CSS English Essay

Outline:

  • Pope's saying and irony
  • Modern age of superficiality
  • Pitfalls made by journalist and'writer
  • Aldous Huxley's account of an exhibition of arts and crafts
  • Diversity, cause of superficial knowledge
  • The role of certain theories, dogmas in diverting man from the pursuit of knowledge
  • Shortcomings our little learning 
  • The humility of Newton
  • Man's haplessness before the vastness of the knowledge
  • Knowledge's purpose to shun the ignorance
  • The unending gratification of the desire of knowledge.


"A Little learning, ‘wrote Alexander Pope, is a dangerous thing.' We are much amused when we remember that Pope himself undertook to translate Homer without '(for all practical purposes) ' knowing much Greek! who would have known the pitfalls of a little know ledge better than he? So when he goes on to say in the next line "Drink deep, or taste not the Pierian spring, the thought has for us a certain ironical appositeness.

We live in the age of the superficiality. Everyone wants to show that he is learned, yet everyone is shallow. The methods of showing that one is learned are interesting. One of them is to ignore all that others know. Another is to ignore the common place, and . concentrates on something odd and out-of-the-way. If somebody begins to discuss Jane Eyre or Wuthering Heights say that you prefer 'The tenant of Wildfell Hall'. In this way you will easily acquire a reputation for profound learning.

This pretence of profound learning is the pitfall into which the journalist in particular always falls. He must write airily of the odd and remote in order to conceal his ignorance of the near and the classical. He has no leisure. His profession makes him acquainted with a mass of miscellaneous and haphazard knowledge, which he is compelled to reproduce in his articles with an air of knowing, everything. The journalist is tempted to be readable and so he always tries to be original and unusual.

Is the Pierian Spring suited for everyone? Can everyone drink deep of it? The philosopher or the man of science may do so with safety, but of others the Pierian Spring makes only prigs.

Aldous Huxley, in an essay in “Alongrthe Road," gives an amusing account of an exhibition arts and crafts which he saw at Munich. In that exhibition every applied art was represented through' furniture, jewellery, ceramics, textiles. “The Germans." says Aldous Huxley, “know more about the artistic styles of the past than any other people in the world and their own art today is about as hopelessly dreary as any national art could well be. Its badness is. in mathematical terms, a function of its learnedness." This could be seen from such exhibits as these - A Maxican pot, decorated with Moorish arabesques; a Black Forest peasant's table standing on Egyptian legs. Learning may be good for poets, politicians, philosophers and businessmen - for the artist it is bad.

Good art demands intense' concentration. And excessive knowledge tends to make the type of concentration that art demands difficult.

For the superficial knowledge of our own times other things are responsible also. Men now-a-days have become so mercenary that they are not willing to undertake any serious work that “does not pay”. Intellect is valued only as a key to material prosperity. “He wastes his money on books; What good are they to him? “He is a carpenter, not a school-master.” Men do not realize that the brain is not a tool for exploiting our fellow-meh but-

To follow knowledge like a sinking star Beyond the utmost bounds of human thought.

“The French have a beautiful phrase in their language - 'la Joie de vivre." Parallel to this we can invent another phrase - "La Joie de sa voir, " The joy of knowledge is all unknown to money -makers.

There are certain theories .and dogmas which have diverted men and women from the pursuit of knowledge, and .made them , content with their ignorance and stupidity. Religious, teachers have made most of these dogmas. They have taught that man has .a body and a soul, but they have forgotten that man has-a mind also. The Cynics of Greece despised education and intellectual pursuits and declared that Virtue was the only Good. St. Basil is reported to have remarked very frankly : “It is a matter of no interest to .us whether the earth is a sphere, or a cylinder or a disc."

With this exaltation of stupidity and ignorance it is no wonder that we- suffer from all the shortcomings of a little learning Dogma in our country has gone to such lengths that we are always.

ready to shelve common sense in favour of some authority. Take such a glaring social evil of our country as early marriage. People riarfy because certain so called religious books have recommended this- practice. They are to quote chapter and verse to support their ideas. ’ call this one of the instances of a little learning. Let them go. behind the book into the mind of the author who made it. With such questions of scholarship as-when was this book written? Who wrote it our people have no concern. If they drank deeper of the pierian spring they would be compelled to throw away early marriage, casts, untouchability. and a good deal of their outworn and harmful theology.

The Greeks could not think of a higher word of respect than "philosopher" -lover of knowledge. Newton who knew so much, thought humbly that he was like a little child picking up pebbles on the shore, while the vast ocean of knowledge lay unexplored before him. My colleagues always try to give me. impression that while Newton collected pebbles of knowledge painfully, it has been their pastime to collect boulders of it.

Knowledge is long and life is short, and even the best of us must be content to have only a little of it. If we could live for hundreds of year, instead of a few decades, we could not have enough time to acquire all the knowledge that there is. All the ills of humanity arise from ignorance and egoism. With knowledge we can at least, overcome ignorance.. Let us remember the beautiful exhortation of the Persian poet. Saadi: "Like a taper one should burn in the pursuit of knowledge. This is thy duty, even if thou has to travel oxer the whole earth." .

A quotation from A.E. Housman in which he, praises the pursuit of knowledge for its own sake is worth pondering over:-

" Other desires perish in their gratification, but the desire of knowledge-never; the eye is not satisfied with seeing, nor the ear-filled with hearing. Other desires become the occasion of pain through dearth of the material to gratify them, but not the desire of knowledge; the sum of things to be known is inexhaustible,, and; however long we read we shall never come to the end of our story book. So long as the mind of man is what it is. it will continue to exult in advancing on the unknown throughout 4he; infinite field;of the universe; and the tree of knowledge will remain forever as it was in the beginning, a tree to be desired to make one wise.
Twitter Facebook

FIRST DESERVE, THEN DESIRE

CSS English Essay
Outline:

  • Man's countless desires 
  • The sure way to acquire the desire
  • Reciprocal process
  • The need for self criticism

Laziness, lack of judgement, incorrect understanding of values lead to disappointment.

Our desires have no end and they are also innumerable in kind. Our mind flitters from one wish to another as a careless bee from one blossom to another, without realizing the futility and the foolishness of riding on the wings of fancy. People expect good luck ’to accost them at every turn of life. And when fortune obstinately refuses to meet them, they feel bitterly disappointed and angry with fate for being so unjust. 

Monev. love, power, popularity beauty and peace are the objects most universally desired by man. But none of these covetable blessings has ever come to a man until he deserved' it through endless' effort- Men who have been fortune's favourites are so few that they can be counted as exception to the rule. When a man comes to-possess one of the crowns of life, others' instead of envying him ought to enquire what a heavy cross he had to bear for it.

A man becomes rich if he undertakes back-breaking labour and sweats for earning an extra penny. To receive love, one must learn to love by cultivating the noblest virtues of sacrifice, self-denial and endurance. Power will reside only in a man who has both integrity of character and merit that is productive. Popularity can be maintained at a high price. And- that price consists of character, kindness and unselfish service to others. Beauty is more an outcome of care and culture than a sheer gift of Nature. One enjoys spiritual serenity when suffering have purified one's soul. Happiness of our life is not a lost button that we can look for it under the table and behind the' door. One has to strive steadily towards realizing whatever he ardently wishes for. 

A sensible person must make a self-analysis and assess how much he deserves the thing he desires. The man who knows what his particular duty is and performs his own part with due care and respect, is never denied the sweet fruits of his toil. When one of two students comes out with flying colours and the other fares poorly, we should not blame luck for being treacherous. For thorough and regular work is sure to achieve its reward.

Besides laziness there are other defects in a man's character and temperament which may offset his success in life. Lack of calm judgment, the patience to follow a tedious plan to its end. and the incorrect understanding of values also cause disappointment to a man otherwise vigilant and hard-working. So instead of attributing failures to reasons outside, one must seek to discover them in one's own self in one's errors and weaknesses.

‘’Knock the door and it will be opened to you", said Jesus Christ to his disciples. And this gospel holds the truth of all times, that when we have put forth our best effort and proved ourselves deserving, no-gift will be withheld from our extended hands.

Twitter Facebook

VARIETY IS THE SPICE OF LIFE

CSS English Essay


Outline:

  • Spices, imparting taste to food
  • Freedom from dullness
  • Variety's definition
  • Abuses of a monotonous life
It is not enough that our food should be wholesome: it must be tasteful too. But what is that, above all, which imparts taste to food? The answer is 'spices'. In fact, without spices our food will become insipid, lacking in the essential quality of being palatable.

As with food, so with life. Nobody wants to live a dull and monotonous life. What is that, makes life free from dullness and monotony? What is it that leads to joy and flavor to it? The answer is variety. What spices do to food, variety does live.

Variety means diversity or, in other words, the absence of rigid uniformity. In every sphere of life, major or minor, food, association and even place of residence, from time to time. Even io hear the same song, however enchanting, or to read the same book, however enthralling, would cause boredom before long. Hence out of an instinctive urge from within, man does, not like to be surrounded by the same things for a long time much less a lifetime. His soul needs contact with ever-changing joys and experiences. Else it dies. Life becomes burdensome and uninspiring and death seems preferable to that state.

Man lives more by the mind than by the body. When having fallen into a rut. the mind becomes sick and weary, his health begins to give way. The advice for a change of climate given by wise doctors springs from the ultimate motive of affording the sick new experiences, new sights, and sounds, and new sources of delight because the old have lost their appeal to his mind. Thus variety is also a great healer likewise, .in every other sphere of life, variety .denied is the soul killed whereupon the body exists only to smart till death steps in to relieve it of the intolerable burden of life.

Twitter Facebook

A CLEAR CONSCIENCE IS A SOFT PILLOW

CSS English Essay

Outline:

  • Sleep, best blessing of God
  • A clean conscience the surest way to enjoy sound sleep
  • A man not having the deceiving plans, haired against others will enjoy sound sleep.

Soft pillow is symbol of peaceful sleep. We all know that sleep is the best blessing conferred on us by God. Its denial robs us of all the joys and comforts of life. Nothing, not even the total wealth of the world, can be an adequate compensation for sleeplessness. But how it can be ensured at all time?

We all know that freedom from cares and worries is very-conducive to peaceful sleep. He who is haunted by evil thoughts and anxieties over misdeeds, done or to be done, will never enjoy sound sleep. And the surest means of' keeping the mind free from such emotional disturbances is to possess a clean conscience.

A man who does not think ill of others or do wrong to others has a good conscience. He has no enemies to guard against. All love him and none hates him. He has hot brood over plans-of deceiving others or concealing his guilts committed in other spheres. He is. in short, free from fear of private enmity, legal action or social disgrace. He is happy though poor. He is respected though he may be illiterate. All these give him such a calm and serenity of mind that he is never in want of that peaceful condition of mind which is a condition precedent to sound sleep. He needs no cosy bed or feather-made pillow. Even lying his head on a stone or having the bare earth as his bed. he can sleep comfortably than the king can enjoy on his feathered bed. His clean conscience is his soft pillow and he heeds none from outside.
Twitter Facebook

WHEN AT ROME DO AS ROMANS DO

CSS English Essay

Outline:

  • The necessity of travelling abroad
  • Man's capacity to adopt himself to changing circumstances
  • A civilized man's attitude
  • The rigidity of one's mind

We cannot expect to live in our homes, surrounded by familiar faces, all through our days. By compulsion of necessity and circumstances we' have to travel abroad, associate with strangers and accommodate ourselves to customs and conventions which may not agree with our taste. The more resilient a man's temperament, the greater will be his capacity to adapt himself, to alter situations. The soundness of education and intelligence is proved by a man's quick grasp of the demands of a particular time and place.

The ability to adjust oneself to the speedy development of life is an essential requirement for one's simple survival against the adverse factors. The gigantic mammoths of the prehistoric ages died out of existence while their puny, feeble, fellow creature man weathered successfully the vagaries of nature because man by his superior mind learnt soon to swim with the current.

The spirit of friendliness towards all ensures a life of peace and harmony. A sensible man realises,this and can make himself at home even in an alien atmosphere. A truly educated man does not labour under mean prejudices. Hence he will not find any difficulty in appreciating the manners and ways of life in other countries. He is tolerant of other habits’ even if he cannot emulate them. A polite man is too sensitive to wound the feelings of anyone.

Some people most unfortunately never learn the value of this precept, of becoming a Roman in Rome; The rigidity of their nature induce them to assume a wary attitude towards whatever seems foreign to them. They are afraid of yielding an inch without stubborn resistance. These people waste their energy in futile conflicts with their fellow beings, and spoil everybody's happiness including their own. Some of them even go to the extent of acting as self-appointed crusaders for upholding the superiority of their own belief and customs. They do not realize that sympathy is not a sign of weakness, and that no one can earn respect by being offensive.

At times sheer common sense will prompt us to change our mode of life when we are living under different circumstances. A great coat is a superficial luxury in this country, but in England one runs the risk of catching pneumonia if one goes out without an overcoat. In America easy friendship and sociability is expected from all. Now, the man who disapproves this volubility will find himself miserably lonely, as a veritable outcast.

A wise man will never deprive himself of the chance to enjoy the infinite variety of life for the sake of some futile taboos.
Twitter Facebook

LIGHT SORROWS SPEAK, GREAT ONES ARE DUMB

CSS English Esssay

Outline:

  • The way to unburden our heavy hearts is to talk and share the sorrow
  • Some deep pains are not expressive so causing the devastation of offerer's mind
  • The agony of grueling onslaughts cause dumbness in sufferer
  • Great pains, cause of isolation

Usually sorrows and pains find relief through expression in one form or another. When we cannot find words to let out our unhappiness, we wail and moan, and thereby unburden our heavy hearts. When we are smitten by the pangs of loss, failure, disappointment or thwarted desires and our hearts feel sore; we have to talk and share the sorrow so that it does not feel unbearable.

But yet there are pains which are too deep for words. Our senses respond promptly to our experience, but when a certain limit is reached, the senses may fail altogether. And at that stage a numbness overcomes our consciousness. In that torpor our body and mind become partly para lysed and quite incapable of displaying any normal reaction. It is not unusual that a sudden shock gives such a stunning blow to a person that he loses his mental balance for ever. At times the pain he is bearing is so devastating that the mind can scarcely perceive of it. When a man sees his whole world of hope and dreams, the very purpose of his existence crashing before him irretrievably, all that he can do is to stand and stare with a vacant look.

Words may prove poor vehicles of expression when the grief is of a towering-magnitude. Insufferable agony may froth and foam inside a closed heart and try in vain to find a channel. For want of adequate language one may fail to bemoan one’s sorrows. There are miseries and tragedies in life for which no words have as yet been coined. Such speechless sorrows also strike a person dumb.

Sorrows may be so deep rooted that no amount of words or tears can minimize its grueling, piercing onslaughts. Expression in such cases fails to bring any solace or peace. A sufferer lightens the load of his misery by sharing it with his friends and near ones. But all great sorrows penetrate the very core of one’s innermost being, and settle there instead of giving one eloquence: Thus the sufferer becomes incapable of purging out the corrosive feelings that eat away his poor heart.

A great pain’ isolates a man from hrs fellow-beings and renders him utterly lonely. The world after all is a callous place. Everyone goes about his own affairs. None has the time or inclination to minister to other’s comfort and share the grim fate of others. So a tragedy tends to make a man a spiritual recluse who will scrupulously guard his sorrow from the. gaze of the public and bear its torture alone in absolute silence.
Twitter Facebook

UNEASY LIES THE HEAD THAT WEARS A CROWN

CSS English Essay

Outline:

  • Power and responsibility cannot bring peace
  • The cause of this unhappiness
  • A dictator's troubles: doubt and his desire for controlling everything
  • The way io avoid that trouble
  • The guidance of our conscience
  • Responsibility and uneasiness go together


There are some who take this proverb too literally. They say that crowned kings lead an uneasy life because they-are surrounded by constant dangers. They speak of Ramchandra and Alexander, of Napoleon and Kaiser Wilheim. and so on. But this is a wrong interpretation of the proverb. It really means that those who have power and responsibility lead an uneasy life. All the wealth and comfort enjoyed by a man having power and responsibility cannot bring peace to him.

A crown
Golden in show, is but a wealth of thorns.
Brings dangers, troubles, cares and Sleepless nights.
And another poet said: "The royal crown cures not the king's headache.

It is not difficult to understand why it is so. Power and responsibility are disturbers of mental peace, but they do so all the more when he who has them' stands alone. - when there is none to share, his troubles. The dictator - whether he sits on the throne or lords it over in his home can never know peace.

This is mainly, because he takes too much on himself. He monopolises all power, and tries to look after everything. But a man's capacity on matter how big he is - is limited. If he takes everything upon himself, he will have to divide his mind and energies everywhere. That is enough to make anyone uneasy. Not only so, he becomes suspicious and doubtful of everyone, for he believes that he alone is capable and efficient and sincere: all others are bunglers or shirkers. - This megalomania is the penalty of dictatorship. If he is conscientious, his troubles increase. He works hard to do his duties, but he is always dissatisfied because he thinks he has not done enough. To feel that he is personally accountable that all that is done is always a most uncomfortable sensation.

Then are we to shun responsibility? Should we give up all powers and retire within our own little cell, guarded and secured by fixed routine - going round the same circle like the oilman's bullock? But we must try to take things easily - even our responsibilities. That it can be done is the experience of many. In the first place we must learn to share power and responsibilities. What is difficult to bear all the oneself becomes comparatively easy when 'there are others to share the burden with help and advice. The dictatorial attitude is always fatal to mental peace.

Secondly, it is good to work under a taskmaster to whom one feels accountable. Even when one has no human task matter, one falls back upon the idea of God : “All men." said Carlyle," If they work not as in the great taskmaster’s eye, will work w-rong, and work .unhappily for themselves and for you." But far better it is to work under the eye of one's own conscience.

Nor know we anything so fair
As is the smile upon thy face

Conscience tells u; what to do and what not to do. and-he who follows the dictates of conscience has no burden on his mind. Thirdly, some amount cf humility helps to relieve the mental uneasiness of one 'who wears a crown', who exercises power and responsibility. A man who thinks less of what other owes to him than of that he owes to other is spread much uneasiness of mind.

Yet, w'hen all is said and done, it remains true that the man in power must have some anxious moments that he cannot avoid. He cannot afford to take life lightly. The selfish man should perhaps be the least unhappy. But that is not true because everyone avoids him; he has none to come forward to share his troubles. If power involves isolation, uneasiness becomes unavoidable.

So Shakespeare's words, “Uneasy lies the head that wears a crown/ are true in more than the literal sense. It is certainly not necessary to avoid power and responsibility, but we should accept him as a kind of sacred trust and fulfil the obligation they lay on us in a spirit of humility and selflessness.

Twitter Facebook

WE LIVE IN DEEDS NOT YEARS

(CSS English Essay1993)

Outline:

  • The most fundamental thing in life blind clinging to life
  • Blessing for a long life, most valued possession of main
  • our feeling about a man who dies early.
  • The true standard for judging a life not years but deeds
  • The example of Christ, Buddha, Alexander and Napoleon
  • A single heroic age worth many lives
  • Quality of work not the length of years
  • An oak tree


Who does not want to live long? The dying patient suffering from terrible agony hopes that he will come'round and have many more days to live. The old "man with one foot in the grave'expects many more returns of his birthday. The man who has failed in one venture after another and faces starvation likes to live longer and make other ventures that will make up for his failures. Philosophers point out that the most fundamental thing in life is the blind clinging to existence. We all want to live. We do not know why.

When we bless a man, we pray for wealth, and learning, power and happiness, but above all we pray that he would be long-lived. There are various forms of this blessing; his days should be as countless as the hairs on his head, as the sands on the sea-shore; the simplest is that he should live for a hundred years, though we all of ' us know that not one in a hundred will come near this age. Long life ' seems to be the most valued possession of man. What, according to the popular conception, is the difference between a God and a man? A man is mortal and lives for a short time whereas a God, being immortal, lives for ever.

When a man dies early, we are all very sorry. We think that he will not live to enjoy more happiness, as if mere living is happiness. If a man lives up to a ripe old age, we feel that he has got what life has had to offer him. He may have had sorrows and failures; still we feel that he has lived in the true sense of the term, that is to say, he has lived- a long life. The mere joy of living is regarded as a sign of happiness and success.

But this standard, although commonly accepted, is hot the only standard forjudging the value of a life, and it is not the correct standard. Nobody remembers the long-lived man, the man who has only enjoyed or suffered for a large number of years. If we recall the great men of the past, Jesus Christ or Buddha, Alexander dr Napoleon, Shakespeare or Goethe, we do not care to know how many years they lived, we judge them by the quality of their work, the influence they exercised on others. For example, Christ died early and Buddha lived up to a long age. But when we judge them, we judge them as founders of religions, by their deeds and not by their longevity. The same thing is true of Alexander and Napoleon, two of the greatest w'arriors and of Shakespeare and Goethe, two of the greatest writers.

Jesus Christ, Alexander, the Great English poet Keats - all these men died very prematurely. It should have been a good thing if they had lived longer. But the few years they lived were crowded with good things. Jesus preached a religion that is a part of Western Civilization, and Alexander won battle after battle and conquered country after country. Their short lives were crowded with glories and were thus much more valuable than millions of men who have lived long but who have not achieved any glory. Jesus and Alexander will be remembered as long as the world lasts but who cares for the nameless people who lived and lived and then died? Keats died very prematurely in his life - time he did not meet with much appreciation, but he wrote poetry that is now regarded as very great. Shall we judge him by his short life or by his lasting glory?

Sometimes even a. single heroic deed is worth than an age without a name. A man - not distinguished in any way is passing along and he finds another men trapped in a fire or drowning in a river. The man who risks' his life and even lays it down to save another has done something heroic, and this one act makes him great. He is to be judged by his deed, this one deed, and he had not taken this risk and passed away indifference, he would have lived longer but that life would have been inferior in quality. 

The examples cited above, are of men who have become famous. They have not lived long in body, but their name and fame have survived. Men in ordinary walks of life cannot hope to do anything great, anything that will be remembered by ages to come. But even here in our day-to-day activities, it is the quality of work that counts. Whom do we praise-or love? The teacher who toils for his pupils; the trader who is honest, the friend who stands by his friend. Here .it is little, deeds of kindness, courage and love that determine the value of a man's life. not the length of his years.

An English poet says that the big oak tree grows in bulk, lives for three hundred years and is then' used as fire wood. The lily lives for a day; but it scatters sweet fragrance all the time it is alive. The lily is far sweeter than the log of wood. So also a man who performs good deeds lives a better life than one who has lasted an age without doing anything that is valuable.

A man's life is measured not by the years lived but by the volume of works he has done. It is not given to man to fix the span of his life but it is up to him to turn every moment to account. All will die, whether after a century or just tomorrow. What, therefore, matters is not the fact of longevity but of making memorable every moment over which a life extends. That is what made Napoleon, who died before fifty, famous and immortal. Christ passed away when he was hardly thirty. And yet they have left their impress on human history .which few octogenarians can claim by the half. A death is inevitable,-, the goal of life should be not to make it long without purpose but to make it purposeful even though short.
Twitter Facebook

Man Is Known By the Company He Keeps

CSS English Essay

Outline:
  • To judge one's character is to know his company
  • The things having common qualities attract each other
  • The cause of happiness
  • Care regarding the choice of a company
  • The dangers being in a bad company.
The best way of knowing a man is to know what company he keeps. A. thief associates with a thief, and a saint, with a saint. Righteousness can have no fellowship with unrighteousness. Light can have no connection with darkness and a believer with a infidel. Fire and water have a natural affinity to their own kind, and a natural aversion for each other. Water is attracted by . water and two drops meeting Together will readily become one; but when fire and water meet together they destroy each others. Tigers and deer, serpents and doves, lambs and wolves, lions and whales, never voluntary associate with each other. Light and darkness can never unite. So men of similar tastes and habits unite with each other and become friends. Therefore a man's character, opinions, tastes and' temper may be fairly gauged by the company, he lives in.

Birds of the same feathers flock together. If a police man is to. detect a thief or a felon, where will he search for him? He will no doubt search him among the haunts of wickedness. Since the police knows that a thief can be nowhere but among thieves. A man is never so happy as when he finds himself in the company of those who are as he is. If a man found in the company of thieves says he is not so, who will believe his protestations, however fair he may be. His company will prove more than his professions. What did the husbandman in the Fable say to the stork, when he protested he was no crane? The husbandman said, "All that you say be true. I dare say.

but this I know, that I have caught you with those who were destroying many crops, and you must suffer with the company in which you are taken." Such is the case with everyone. A man is always judged by the company he keeps.

One should exercise great care in the choice of one's companions. Our happiness or misery depends upon this choice. If a good man mixes with those who are bad and wicked, he is sure to lose his character whereas if a bad man comes into contact with the good and the virtuous, he will soon be one of them. It should, therefore, be the earnest endeavour of everyone to secure a good company .since it is only there that character can be preserved and improved. It is the company on which the structure of a man’s career is built. Then how important is the choice of associates. Even Jesus Christ was pronounced bad because his associates were bad men; since he Showed himself, “the friend of publicans and sinners." If we wish to make our lives happy and peaceful, we should have none for our companions but those who are good, wise and pious. To be among the good is to be good and among the bad is to be bad. Now let us determine what we shall be.
Twitter Facebook

Peace Hath Her Victories No, Less Renowned Than War 

CSS English Essay

Outline:

  • The victorious men of the world ' victory at the cost of other's catastrophe.
  • Example of Napoleon
  • The ravages of the war
  • The end result of the victorious nations
  • Peace time, a time for gaining happiness and utilizing your energy to build up. your nation
  • Victories of peace greater than victories of war
  • Hero of a nation. Victorious of wars or a man who worked against ignorance, poverty and disease

The word ‘victory’ calls to our mind names of men like Alexander, CaeSar, Napoleon. Chengiz Khan and Tamerlane, who fought many wars, won victories-and made themselves famous. Indeed, these are the men whom generally we adore as heroes. There is no doubt that they were men of ability and power. Some of them might be mere soldiers of fortune, ravaging countries and destroying civilizations. But many of them were builders too. Alexander left a large empire behind, and Julius Caesar laid the foundations of the grandeur that was Rome.

It is very good to read of the glories of these men when they are dead and gone, when their’ deeds can no longer touch us. But what was the effect of the work of these heroes? Wars might have brought them victories, but they often meant the ruin of the countries that were defeated and loss, of lives on both sides, the victors as well as the victims. It is often said that Napoleon was the greatest soldier of all times, that he could work miracles, but although he might have brought glories to France, his wars killed so many thousands of Frenchmen that France was faced with depopulation. One need not speak of the countries that Napoleon warred on, in which damage to property was almost as great as the loss of lives, so that those who were left alive had to struggle against famine and chaos.

Whether a country wins or loses, it has to concentrate alt its energies on the prosecution of wars. In these days we say that war effort must have."Top priority". The result is that the country cannot devote its attention to the nation-building activities, to education, sanitation, agriculture and commerce. The nation works at maximum pressure, and all its efforts are engaged in destroying what others have built. We cannot construct, it only destroys. That is why wars are very good to write poems or stories about; but they are very terrible when one comes to have actual experience of them.

It is said that wars may destroy much: but they also build empires. But that in itself is a half truth. An empire based on force can never be stable or create happiness and contentment. After Alexander's death his empire was broken into fragments that could never be united again. Napoleon brought many countries under his sway but he could not retain and overthrow him; the conqueror was conquered by his own victoms. War is a kind of lust that is not satisfied until it has destroyed itself. Once men and nations yield to this passion, they will go on from destruction to destruction until they are themselves destroyed.

This is what victory in war effects in spite of ail the glory that is associated with it. Contact this with man's achievements in time of peace, which may appear to be uneventful. It is in peace that scientists can apply themselves to the invention not of newer and swifter means of destruction but of newer methods of improving'the condition of making. It is in time of peace only that scientists, philosophers and men of letters can devote themselves undisturbed to the advancement of learning, to the acquisition of knowledge for the sake of knowledge. Quite accidentally, some beneficial scientific inventions have been made during the times of war. But generally such times are barren so far as progress in knowledge is concerned. In times of war, the energy of the atom is applied for making of atom bombs; in times of peace the same energy is utilized to add to the comfort and happiness of mankind.

. In war man fights against his fellows, against other men: in peace he fights against poverty, disease and ignorance. The inventions of war destroy men, the inventions of peace save them. It is only in times of peace that it is possible to- spend money for the advancement of education and for the fight against illiteracy. It is in times of peace that governments can improve the condition of the poor by increasing production and stimulating commerce. It is only in times of peace that determined efforts can be; made to fight against disease, not-merely to invent new medicines but also to check the spread of disease and to improve the sanitation of a country. These victories against ignorance, poverty and disease are achieved quietly; nobody advertises them and very often they are achieved so silently that we are not even aware of how much we have achieved. But are not these victories greater than victories in war? Once the people of France voted on who was the greatest Frenchman, it might naturally have- been expected that the largest number of votes would go to Napoleon who had dazzled the world by.his successes on the battlefield.' But it was not so. The people ' of France by an overwhelming majority decided that the greatest Frenchman was Louis Pasteur, the eminent scientist, who by his researches, had helped to save innumerable lives.'The victories of peace were, indeed, more renowned than war. Who is greater and more renowned; Socrates or Alexander. Shakespeare or the Duke of Marlborough?

It is not merely a question of tangible achievements, of the medicines Pasteur invented or the dramas which Shakespeare wrote; it is a question of fundamental ideas. War is based on hatred. We generally make war on other nations whom we want to subjugate, whom we hate, whom,we consider inferior to us. Even when we fight in self-defence, our sense of the rightness of our cause is mixed with a feeling of vengeance against our enemies. Peace is the product of goodwill among nations; it promotes understanding-between them stimulates international trade and leads to cultural contacts. From whatever point of view we may look at the matter, there is no doubt that the victories of peace are greater than those of war. It is only a mistaken sense of values that makes war popular, and it may be hoped that as men are drawn to one another by ties of friendship, war will be a thing of the past.
Atif Pedia © 2016. All Rights Reserved.
Powered by Blogger

Author

MKRdezign

MathJax

Contact Form

Name

Email *

Message *

Powered by Blogger.
Javascript DisablePlease Enable Javascript To See All Widget