Lecture No. 11
Topic: THE ISLAMIC SOCIAL SYSTEM
Definition of
Society
“Where a group of people live with same
language and same culture”
or
“A solid chain of
human relation which create from practical and its basic factor is to get benefits”
Why Society
Compulsory for the Mankind ?
1.
Get Benefits
2.
Avoidance from loss
3.
Security of Rights & Precautions
Elements
of Society
1. Persons(Individuals)
2. Ranks(Tabaqat)
3. Family
Basic
Factors of Society
1. Family and Tribe
2. Area/Estate and Country
3. Ranks(Tabaqat)
4. Fundamental Article of Faith
(Aqeeda)
Importance of Social System
The first thing in the Guidance
brought to mankind by the Holy Prophet was the call to Faith and Divine Unity .
After it , he used to give instruction and advice concerning the moral and practical spheres of life to
those who had accepted the call.
Such of the teachings and
exhortations of the Prophet can, fundamentally, be divided into two parts . The
first part is related to the Rights of Allah . It tells what the claim of Allah
is upon the bondsmen and what are the duties of the bondsmen in that regard,
and how is this claim to be discharged and obligations to be fulfilled . Some
of the moral precepts of the sacred prophet , too, belong to this section .
The second part consists of the
teachings appertaining to the rights of man on each other, and the duties they owe to all the created beings , in
general . How is a man to fulfill his social responsibilities an act towards
all individuals an groups or any other creature with whom he may come into
contact in the different walks of his life ? Some of the moral teachings of the
Prophet , again ,fall into this category .
The question of the rights of man is
more important is the sense that if we disregard them, i.e., infringe on the
rights of anyone or do some other injustice to him , the Lord who , of course,
is Most Gracious and Merciful has not kept the forgiving of it in His own
Hands, but decreed that amends are made
for it , in this very existence , by rendering back to the person we have sinned
against what is his due or seeking his pardon , otherwise we will have to repay
in the Hereafter which , indeed is going to cost us very dear of suffer the
dreadful chastisement of Hereafter ,
It is mentioned in Bukhari, on the
authority of Abu Huraira that the Messenger of Allah said.
Whoever may have done an injustice
to a brother of defamed him or transgressed against his rights in any other way
should set right the affair whit him on this very day , and in this very
existence before the day of Final Reckoning, when he well have no dinars (1)
and dirhams (2) to settle the claim .if he will possess a stock of good deeds ,
the aggrieved will be recompensed from it in suitable relation to the injustice
done to him , and in case he is empty – handed in the matter of good deeds ,
the sins of the aggrieved will be thrust upon him .( and . thus , justice well
be done on the last Day).3”
Besides .
Bayhaqi has quoted ,in shab-ul-iman ,on
the authority of sayyidah Ayshah the prophet said.
“ The Scrolls o Deeds ( in which the
sins of the bondsmen are recorded ) well be of three kinds .One which will
never be forgiven , ( and) it is polytheism .The Lord has declared in the
Qur’an ,that ,in no case , shall He forgive the sin of polytheism. Two, which
the Almighty will not pass over without doing justice , ( and ) these are the
mutual wrongs , injuries and violation of rights , and the Lord will . surely ,
have them repaid .Three , in which the sins will beset down which have little
weight and importance in the sight of Allah , ( and ) these are the lapses that
are , exclusively, between the bondsmen and the Creator , the decision
concerning them is wholly in His Hands , and He will punish or forgive the
sinners ad He likes.”
The
teachings of the Prophet regarding the rights of man, again , are of town kinds
,Belonging to one group are the sayings that deal with the rules and
proprieties of social behavior .As for instance , what should the attitude be
of parents towards their children and of children towards their parents , and
of husbands towards their wives an of wives towards their husbands? What are
the rights of relatives , both near and distant , and of neighbors and those
who are elder or younger to us ? How are we to behave towards our servants and
subordinates , specially towards the poorer and weaker members of the society ,
and mankind on the whole ? Again what
formals and manners ought to be observed in social intercourse , in speech and
association .eating and drinking , and bearing and deportment , and on
occasions of joy and grief , and ,so on ? This department of Faith is known ,
broadly as M’uashirat .
The
Rights are mane part of Society / M’uashiratSo some think about Rights
The Most Important
Islamic Rights
Islamic
rights that are respected in Islam are many. Among the most important of which
are the following:
The rights of
Allah:
The
blessings of Allah to His slaves are innumerable. Every blessing deserves
thanks. The rights of Allah upon His slaves are many, the most important of
which include the following:
1. Tauheed, which means believing
that Allah is One in His Essence, His names, His attributes and His deeds. So
we should believe that Allah alone is the Lord, the Sovereign, the Controller,
the Creator, the Provider, in 
Whose hand is
Whose hand is
Dominion and He is Able to do all things:
“Blessed be He in Whose Hand is the
dominion; and He is Able to do all things” [67:1 – interpretation of the
meaning]
2. ‘Ibaadah (worship), which means
worshipping Allah alone because He is their Lord, Creator and Provider. So all
kinds of worship should be devoted to Him alone, such as da’wah’
(supplication), Zikr (remembering Allah), seeking help, humbling oneself,
submitting, hope and fear, vows, sacrifices, and so on. Allah says:
(Interpretation of the meaning): “Worship
Allah and join none with Him (in worship)” [al-Nisaa’ 4:36]
3. Shukr (gratitude, giving thanks),
for Allah is the One Who bestows favors and blessings upon all of creation, so
they have to show their gratitude for these blessings on their lips and in
their hearts and in their physical actions, by praising Allah and using these
blessings to obey Allah and in ways that Allah has permitted:
“Therefore remember Me (by praying,
glorifying). I will remember you, and be grateful to Me (for My countless
Favors on you) and never be ungrateful to Me." [al-Baqarah 2:152 –
interpretation of the meaning].
The rights of the
Messenger(S.A.W)
The
sending of the Messenger (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) is a great
blessing for all of mankind. Allah sent him to bring mankind forth from
darkness into light, and to show them that which will bring them happiness in
this world and in the Hereafter.
Among
the rights that the Messenger has over us are that we should love him, obey him
and send blessings upon him. Loving him (peace and blessings of Allah be upon
him) is achieved by obeying his commands and believing what he told us,
avoiding that which he forbade and not worshipping Allah except in the ways
that he prescribed.
Parent’s rights:
Islam
pays special attention to the family and encourages love and respect within it.
The parents are the basis and foundation of the family, hence honoring one's
parents is one of the best deeds and one of the most beloved actions to Allah.
Honoring
one’s parents is achieved by obeying them, respecting them, being humble
towards them, treating them kindly, spending on them, praying for them,
upholding ties of kinship with those to whom one is related through them, and
honoring their friends:
Allah says:
“And your Lord has decreed that you worship
none but Him. And that you be dutiful to your parents.” [al-Israa’ 17:23]
The
rights of the mother in this regard are greater, because she is the one who
bears the child, gives birth to him and breastfeeds him. A man came to the
Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) and said,“O Messenger of
Allah, who is most deserving of my good companionship?” He said, “Your mother.”
He said, “Then who?” He said, “Your mother.” He said, “Then who?” He said,
“Your mother.” He said, “Then who?” He said, “Your father.”
The Rights of Relatives
All
relatives, immediate or distant, enjoy certain rights upon believing Muslims.
Each relatives has a certain level of rights according to the Islamic teachings.
Such levels are hinged upon close relationships of the individual, as it is set
forth by Allah, the Almighty, and Allah's Apostle, PBUH. Sound social ties, and
fruitful relationships are extremely valuable in the sight of Allah the
Almighty. It is, therefore, important to study such ties from an Islamic
perspective, observe them and maintain sound and cultivated relationships which
lead to a better society, close relationships, a more harmonious community and
a better environment.
Allah, the Almighty stated in the
Glorious Quran:
"And render to the kindred
their due rights," (17:26)
He, Allah, the Almighty also stated
in the Glorious
Qur'an:
"Serve God, and join not any
partners with Him; and do good to parents, kinsfolk." (4:36)
It
is required by every Muslim individual, male and female young or adult, poor or
rich, close or distant to be good to their relatives. All are urged to support
relatives in every possible way and by every affordable means whether physical,
mental, spiritual, moral or financial. The amount of support is proportional to
the status or level of relationship of the relative, and is evaluated based on
the need of such a relative. This is a matter that has its own merits based on
religious teachings, moral obligations, mental judgment and pure innate
requirements and obligations. This on the other hand reflects to what extent
Islam agrees with the pure, innate and natural demands of man on the face of
this earth.
Believing
Muslim individuals who are committed to Islam and its sound, pure and accurate
teachings are urged time and time again and constantly reminded with the value
of such a noble deed to a relative. Many statements support this fact from both
the Glorious Quran and the Sunnah of the Prophet of Islam, Mohammed bin
Abdullah, PBUH, as we will illustrate in the following paragraphs.
Abu Huraira, RAA narrated of Allah's
messenger, PBUH: "Allah, the Almighty created all creation. Upon finishing
his creation, the womb stood up and said: "O Allah! This is the place of
one who seeks refuge with you boycott and being banned or excommunicated."
Allah, the Almighty, said: "Yes. Indeed. Do not accept that I (Myself)
will befriend whoever befriends you (the womb, or rather the relatives
generated and tied together due to the ties and relationships of the womb). And
I shall discontinue My relations and ban who ban you?!" The womb said:
"I accept." Allah, the Almighty, said: "I assure this for
you." Then, Allah's messenger, PBUH said: "Read if you wish the
revelation of the Glorious Qur'an:
"Then,
is it to be expected of you, if ye were put in authority, that ye will do
mischief in the land, and break your ties of kith and kin? Such are the men
whom God has cursed for He has made them deaf and blinded their sight."
(47:22,23)
This
Hadith is reported by both Bukhari and Muslim. Allah's Apostle, PBUH also is
reported to say: "He/She who believes in Allah, the Almighty and the Day
of Judgment, must communicate, be good, courteous and kind to his kith and kin
or relatives." This Hadith is reported by both Bukhari and Muslim.
It
is unfortunate to notice that many people neglect such important social rights
and religious obligations. Many Muslims, unfortunately do not care to be kind
to their relatives are poor and needy, nor by social relations or even any
other help that they may be able to render at no cost. At times you may find a
person, on the contrary, being harsh, means, irrespective, jealous or miserly
to his own relatives, while being the opposite towards others who are distant.
Some people, unfortunately, do not even visit their relatives, offer them
occasional gifts and presents, look after them when in need, help them or even
extend a helping hand if really in desperate need for help.
On
the other hand, there are an other kinds of people who establish good
relationships with relatives only for the sake of relationships, not for the
cause of Allah, the Almighty. Such a person in reality is not doing what he is
doing for the fulfillment of the commands of Allah, the Almighty, but is paying
back those relatives what was paid him in advance. Such an act is applicable to
relatives, friends and distant people. A true good person is the one who
establish good rapport with his relatives for the noble cause of the pleasure
of Allah, the Almighty, only, and hoping to improve his ties with Him, the
Almighty regardless if they did the same with him or not.
Bukhari
reported of Abdullah bin Amr bin al-`Aas. RAA, companion of Allah's Apostles,
PBUH who said: "A person who is good to his relatives is not a person who
rewards them, or repays them equally for what they do to him. A good person is
the one who does good to his relatives even if they do not do that to him,
visits them even if they do not visit him, give them even if they do not give
him, and so forth." A man asked Allah's Apostle, PBUH: " O Prophet of
Allah! I have some relatives whom I visit, be kind to and give whatever I can,
but they do the opposite to me. I try to be extremely patient with them
regardless of the harms, inconsiderateness and troubles they cause to me. What
should I do in such a case? Allah's Apostle, PBUH said: " If you are truly
what you describe, then you are as if you let them eat ashes (as a result of
their own doing), so long you continue to do good to them. Yet, Allah, the
Almighty, continues to support you, aid you and help you over them as long as
you continue being good to them."
It
is a real pleasure that one gains from being good and kind to his relatives at
large. If the only thing man gets from such a noble social act is the pleasure
of Allah, the Almighty; it suffices man in this life. But, it is most likely
that man will get tremendous benefits from fulfilling such commands of Allah,
the Almighty, in his life. One definitely grows socially, matures ethically and
feels at ease and peace with himself and with the community around him.
Man
is weak without the support of his immediate family members or the moral
support of his extended family members. Islam agrees with the norms of life. It
coincides with the basic requirements of man in his social life. Establishing
such rights by Allah, the Almighty to govern the Islamic life and society is
but a blessing of Allah, the Almighty to man all over the world. Such a
relationships will produce a close-knit society, better relations amongst the
various individuals and components of the various units of society.
The rights of one
Muslim over another:
The
believers are brothers and are an integrated nation, like a building parts of
which support other parts. They treat one another with mercy and compassion,
and love one another. In order to preserve this building and this brotherhood,
Allah has prescribed rights, which each Muslim has over his fellow Muslim.
These include love, sincerity (naseehat), relieving his distress, concealing
his mistakes, supporting him when he is in the right, respecting neighbors and
honoring guests.
These
rights also include returning greetings of salaam, visiting the sick, accepting
invitations, saying “yarhamuk Allah (may Allah have mercy on you) to a Muslim
when he sneezes, and attending his funeral. The Prophet (peace and blessings of
Allah be upon him) said: “The rights of one Muslim over another are five:
returning the greeting of salaam, saying ‘yarhamuk Allah (may Allah have mercy
on you)’ when he sneezes, accepting invitations, visiting the sick and
attending funerals.” (Narrated by Muslim,)
Neighbor’s rights:
Islam
pays attention to the issue of neighbors, whether they are Muslim or not,
because of the interests served by that in making the nation like one body. The
Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: ‘Jibreel kept on
enjoining the good treatment of neighbors to the extent that I thought that he
would include neighbors as heirs.” (Agreed upon. Narrated by Muslim,)
Among
the rights of one neighbor over another as affirmed by Islam are the initiation
of greetings, visiting him if he is sick, offering condolences if calamity
befalls him, congratulating him at times of joy, overlooking his mistakes, concealing
his faults, bearing his annoyance with patience, giving him gifts, lending him
money if he needs it, lowering one’s gaze from looking at his womenfolk, and
guiding him to that which will benefit him in his religious and worldly
affairs. The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: “The best
of companions with Allah is the one who is best to his companion, and the best
of neighbors with Him is the one who is best to his neighbor.” (Narrated by
al-Bukhari)
Concerning
neighbors’ rights, Allah says: (interpretation of the meaning):
“Worship Allah and
join none with Him (in worship); and do good to parents, kinsfolk, orphans,
Al-Masaakeen (the poor), the neighbor who is near of kin, the neighbor who is a
stranger, the companion by your side…” [al-Nisaa’ 4:36]
Islam
warns against annoying one’s neighbors or treating them badly. The Messenger
(peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) explained that this would lead to
being deprived of Paradise: “He will not enter Paradise from whose harm his
neighbor is not safe.” (Agreed upon. Narrated by Muslim,).
In
order to achieve the common interest, Islam gives rights to the ruler over his
subjects and to the subjects over their ruler, and its gives the husband rights
over his wife and the wife rights over her husband, and there are other just
rights, which Islam has enjoined.
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